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IIR document
Crushed ice including nanoencapsulated clove essential oil improves animal welfare in farmed European sea bass during stunning and slaughtering.
Experimental studies of thermodynamic properties of R744-oil-mixtures up to 140 °C and 150 bar.
Study and application of Time-Temperature Integrator smart labels for monitoring the cold chain of active modified atmosphere packaged sea bass.
Study and application of slurry ice in harvesting and in the cold chain of marine cultured seabass for shelf life extension.
Reconsideration of enthalpy and entropy data and correlations for ammonia–water mixture up to 100?bar AND 535?°C.
Experimental and modeling investigation on surface tension and surface properties of (CH4 + H2O), (C2H6 + H2O), (CO2 + H2O) and (C3H8 + H2O) from 284.15 K to 312.15 K and pressures up to 60 bar.
Problems of bulk storage and shipping of liquid hydrogen in volumes of 10,000 to 100,000 cubic meters at one bar pressure.
T-bar floor protection in intermodal refrigerated containers.
Comparison of superchilling and chilling preservation temperatures on the quality attributes of raw beef and seabass.
Experimental studies of thermodynamic properties of R744-oil-mixtures up to 140°C and 150 bar.
The use of filtered air curtains along with antimicrobial ice improves the quality and shelf life of fresh fish in refrigerated open display cases.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Cryogenic vs. Mechanical freezing impact on the quality of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during long-term storage.
On the development of high temperature ammonia–water hybrid absorption–compression heat pumps.
Test facility for a multiejector R744 refrigeration system.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of a two-phase R-744 ejector geometry in expansion processes of vapor-compression refrigeration systems.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
396 results
Out of the ordinary: Trendy ice bars
- London's first Ice Bar is maintained at a temperature of -5°C. Absolut Vodka and Ice Hotel have joined forces to create an environment with the décor, bar stools and glasses made of ice imported from within the Arctic Circle.
Barbados releases a national strategy for sustainable cooling
The Caribbean island of Barbados released its national cooling strategy in September 2022, as the country experiences an increase in demand for air conditioners.
An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima
In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.
France: first refrigerated barge transport
In France, an unprecedented combined waterways-road controlled temperature transportation route will carry chocolates to suburban Paris
Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.
A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying
Vegetable ice cream flavors to debut in Japan
Häagen-Dazs has announced the release of two vegetable-flavored ice creams in Japan.
Caloric cooling: state of the art and perspectives
A recent IJR article reviews the most significant results obtained over the past ten years in the field of magnetocaloric cooling and more recently in the field of electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling. It also presents the...
Prototype wine cooler using magnetic refrigeration
A prototype wine cooler using magnetocaloric technology was presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January 2015.
Briefs: 72 bacterial species identified in domestic refrigerators
French agency, AFSSA (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments) recently conducted a microbiological study on 2 types of refrigeration installations related to domestic food consumption: refrigerated display cabinets and domestic...
ECOFRIDGES in Ghana: positive feedback from beneficiaries
A recent video updates on the ECOFRIDGES GO programme in Ghana, implemented by the Basel Agency for Sustainable Energy (BASE), UNEP’s United for Efficiency (U4E) initiative and the...
Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products
Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...
EU F-Gas review: feedbacks on the preliminary findings of the evaluation study
The preliminary evaluation report submitted in May at the request of the European Commission by Öko-Recherche and Ricardo raised some questions.
State of the art on the flammability of HFOs
An article recently published in the IJR reviews the flammability characteristics of 48 HFOs and blends for various experimental conditions.
New energy-efficient way to make ammonia
The traditional way of manufacturing ammonia leaves a huge carbon footprint. An Australian team of researchers have found a cheaper and greener way to make ammonia from air, water, and renewable electricity....
Briefs: A comeback for Einstein’s fridge?
Scientists at Oxford University have rebuilt one of Einstein's early inventions in an attempt to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity. They have built a prototype of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein...
IIR news
187 results
Upcoming IIR events: Barcelona
LNG 15 - Liquefied Natural Gas, a conference co-organized by the IIR, will take place on April 24-27, 2007 in Barcelona, Spain. The IIR will be running a stand and giving out its Informatory Note on LNG:
New in our Encyclopedia: additive manufacturing for refrigeration equipment
Additive manufacturing makes it possible to optimise the geometry and performance of cooling components such as heat exchangers and regenerators for caloric...
FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration
About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.
An article from the IJR on the state of the art of CO2
An article published by NTNU and SINTEF in the International Journal of Refrigeration summarises several researches on current and future "CO2 only" solutions for supermarket applications.
A look back at Chillventa 2022
The IIR was present at this year’s Chillventa exhibition held in Nuremberg from October 10 to 12. This was also the venue for the WorldSkills Competition in the field of refrigeration and air...
New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.
A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing.
The 27th IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling.
This 27th IIR Informatory Note provides a state of the art of the simple and practical technology that is Evaporative Cooling.
A look back at the IIR's presence at the Interclima trade fair
A big thank you to everyone who visited our stand at Interclima 2024!
News from IIR members: Alfa Laval
Alfa Laval is providing solutions for the fast-expanding CO2 market and has launched two new brazed heat exchanger models designed for transcritical CO2 systems for transport refrigeration, commercial refrigeration and heat-pump applications. The...
IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights
Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.
Corporate members: news
- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...
Find the content of the IIR website in all languages!
Did you know ? Most Internet browsers have built-in translation tools. The IIR explains how to do this, so that you can read its content in all languages!
Encyclopedia Update: Latest Kigali Amendment Ratification Status by Country
Using the latest data from UNTC, we have compiled an interactive list of countries that have ratified the Kigali agreement.
New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs.
IIR member news: Cooltech
The €1.7m MagFreeG project has just been granted to the French company Cooltech Applications by the European Union through CIP Eco-innovation program.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
16 results
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
