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Innovativer Kälteträger aus Zuckerrüben für Gewerbekühlung und Wärmepumpen.

Innovative secondary refrigerant obtained from sugar beets applied to commercial refrigeration and heat pumps.

• Publication date: 2004/04
• Languages : German
• Keywords : Commercial application, Beet, Heat pump, Environment, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: Kälte + Klimatechnik (Die) - vol. 57 - n. 4

IIR document

Influence of temperature and atmosphere composition on the qualities of grated beet roots.

• Author(s) : LOPEZ OSORNIO M. M., CHAVES A. R.
• Publication date: 1995/08/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Prepared food, Microbiology, Treatment, Respiration, Beet, Salad, Physico-chemical property, Ready to use, Vegetable
• Source: For a Better Quality of Life. 19th International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Sweet success for a new secondary solution.

• Publication date: 2004/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Beet, Physical property, Vegetable juice, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: S. afr. Inst. Refrig. Air Cond. - vol. 106 - n. 1274

IIR document

Betaine based heat transfer fluid as a solution for toxicity and corrosion problems in heating and cooling systems.

• Author(s) : JOKINEN J.
• Publication date: 2003/08/17
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Measurement, Beet, Physical property, Chemical, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: 21^st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Serving the Needs of Mankind.
• Formats : PDF

The effect of storage conditions on red beetroot quality.

• Author(s) : GAWEDA M.
• Publication date: 2006
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variety, Beet, Sugar, Weight loss, Vegetable, Cold storage, Packaging
• Source: Veg. Crops Res. Bull. - vol. 65

IIR document

Betaine based heat transfer fluids as a natural solution for environmental, toxicity and corrosion problems in heating and cooling systems.

• Author(s) : JOKINEN J., WILLEMS B. P. M.
• Publication date: 2004/08/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal property, Beet, Aqueous solution, Physical property, Sugar, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: Natural Working Fluids 2004: 6th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference
• Formats : PDF

Betaïne gebaseerde koudedragers als natuurlijke oplossing voor milieu-, toxiciteit- en corrosieproblemen in verwarming- en koelsystemen.

Betaine based heat transfer fluids as a natural solution for environmental, toxicity and corrosion problems in heating and cooling systems.

• Author(s) : JOKINEN J., WILLEMS B. P. M.
• Publication date: 2005/02
• Languages : Dutch
• Keywords : Thermal property, Beet, Aqueous solution, Physical property, Sugar, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: Koude & Luchtbehandeling - vol. 98 - n. 2

Les conditions d'un développement durable.

Conditions for sustainable development.

• Author(s) : VOIGT A., NICOLAS J.
• Publication date: 2004/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Regulations, R410A, Beet, Ammonia, Hydrocarbon, Europe, Refrigerant, Secondary refrigerant, CO2
• Source: CLIM Prat. - n. 67

IIR document

Storage of grated beetroots at low temperatures and modified atmospheres.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ OSORNIO M. M., CHAVES A. R.
• Publication date: 2000/10/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plastic, Vacuum, Treatment, Beet, Quality, Fresh produce, Vegetable, Cold storage, Packaging
• Formats : PDF

Umweltmanagement bei Phoenix Testlab: Einsatz eines biologischen Kälteträgers.

Environmental management in a testing laboratory in Germany: use of organic coolants.

• Author(s) : WILLEMS B. P. M.
• Publication date: 2004/09
• Languages : German
• Keywords : Car, Laboratory, Biological material, Beet, Aqueous solution, Case study, Secondary refrigerant, Air conditioning, Test room
• Source: Kälte + Klimatechnik (Die) - vol. 57 - n. 9

The effects of commercial fibres on frozen bread dough.

• Author(s) : FILIPOVIC J., FILIPOVIC N., FILIPOVIC V.
• Publication date: 2010
• Languages : English
• Source: J. serbian chem. Soc. - vol. 75 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

News about IIR members: Mr Bertrand Montmoreau

The IIR congratulates Mr Bertrand Montmoreau, who took over as President of AICVF (Association des Ingénieurs en Climatique, Ventilation et Froid), a corporate member of the IIR, in January 2006.

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Briefs: Nitrogen blasting designed for beer shelf life boost

Vacuum Barrier Corp. has developed Nitrojetter technology, which reduces oxygen levels within carbonated beverages in order to extend shelf life without affecting taste or colour. Nitrojetter uses liquid nitrogen steam that is fired into the...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Out of the ordinary: Fed up with warm beer?

Warm beer at a barbecue got young Kent Hodgson thinking about ways of cooling drinks without lugging around a chilly bin. The 22-year old New Zealand inventor has invented Huski, a device that turns a tepid beverage into a cold drink within...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Out of the ordinary: Ötzi, the 5300-year-old iceman, has been reconstructed

Ötzi, the 5300-year-old iceman, has been reconstructed 20 years after he was found on a glacier in the Italian Alps. The reconstruction performed by Dutch artists Alfons and Adrie Kennis is on display at the Archaelogical Museum in Bolzano, Italy,...

• Publication date : 2011/06/09

Europe: the proposal to review the F-Gas Regulation has been published, and the proposal to ban PFAS has been delayed.

At the beginning of April, the European Commission published  a proposal to update the F-Gas Regulation . In addition, the proposed PFAS ban has been delayed for six months. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Ambient beer cooler cuts energy bills

A new ambient beer cooler, using free cooling when available, could save 40% of energy costs.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration chooses CO2 to cool down a beer warehouse

Star Refrigeration, collective member of the IIR, recently published a case study about a CO2 solution used to cool down a beer warehouse.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

US research projects to cut AC energy consumption

The 15 projects selected by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) – within the Building Energy Efficiency Through Innovative Thermodevices (BEETIT) are developing new approaches and technologies for building cooling equipment and air...

• Publication date : 2012/09/19

“eCO2”, a new high specification carbon dioxide refrigerant

Refrigerant, branded ‘eCO2’, offers sustainable sourcing and lower moisture content than current offerings, distributor claims.

• Publication date : 2014/07/09

The Use of Ice Cream: Recent Trends

A recent AFP press release pointed out how the face of ice-cream consumption is gradually changing over the years: it is no longer considered merely as a treat for children and is more and more appreciated by adults. Furthermore, the last couple...

• Publication date : 2006/10/25

Expansion of cold chain facilities in hot countries

Effective cold-chain logistics are essential for the economic growth of hot countries. In Africa, Asia, as well as the Middle East, various stakeholders are engaged in setting up cold storage refrigeration warehouses and temperature-controlled...

• Publication date : 2020/02/27
• Subjects: Developing country

Refrigeration, a key player to eradicate malaria

Refrigeration techniques have been used to develop and preserve the very first malaria vaccine, which has been administered to almost 2 million children since 2019.

• Publication date : 2024/04/25
• Subjects: Developing country

Use of all-aluminum coils increasing

All-aluminum heat exchanger coils called microchannel coils have been used in the automotive industry for over 20 years, but the technology – which uses an all-aluminium brazed fin construction – has been applied to the HVAC&R industry only...

• Publication date : 2014/10/08

The global refrigerated trailer market

The global refrigerated trailer market is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.4% during the period 2015-2021.

• Publication date : 2015/12/09

Fake refrigerants cause havoc

A series of reefer explosions could have been caused by impure refrigerants

• Publication date : 2012/03/19

Briefs: Robert Heap

Robert Heap, President of the IIR Science and Technology Council, has won the famous Cooling Industry Gold Award. He was rewarded for his "enormous contribution to the industry's development" thanks to "his work on heat pumps, energy efficiency...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Obituary: Robert Heap

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Robert Heap, who died on March 11, 2014, at the age of 72.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30

Obituaries: Wilbert F. Stoecker

Wilbert F. Stoecker died in September 2010. Will was a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois, where he taught for 36 years. He received numerous awards, including the E.K. Campbell Award in 1973, the F. Paul Anderson...

• Publication date : 2011/05/20

The IIR's new Web portal has been launched

The IIR’s new refrigeration portal went online early July (www.iifiir.org). Most of you should have received an e-mail with all the necessary information regarding how to use it and take advantage of new...

• Publication date : 2011/08/09

Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years

Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

Take part in the BETTED project survey for the dairy sector

Help this EU project map out the role of sustainability of companies in the dairy sector. The survey ends August 30.

• Publication date : 2024/06/18
• Subjects: Environment, General information

BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project

This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

Submit your abstracts to the 3rd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends

To be organised by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), the call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs has now been launched. Submit...

• Publication date : 2022/04/25
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

UN Environment and IIR reinforce partnership

In order to formalise their existing partnership, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the UN Environment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 31st Meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP).

• Publication date : 2020/02/19

Focus on Shecco's Virtual Trade Show, the IoR annual conference and the 13th IEA Heat Pump Conference

Focus on the latest events in which the IIR has been involved. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

IIR and UNEP OzonAction publish French and Spanish versions of Cold Chain Technology Briefs

Originally published in English, the five Cold Chain Technology Briefs have been translated into two additional languages.

• Publication date : 2020/05/28
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Training and courses: New material available on the IIR website

A new course on cogeneration has just been added to the "Courses and Training" section of the IIR website.

• Publication date : 2020/05/22

Cold Chain Technology Briefs: Now available in French and Spanish

Originally published in English, the IIR-UNEP OzonAction Cold Chain Technology Briefs have been translated into two additional languages.

• Publication date : 2020/05/26
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology, HFCs alternatives

Training and courses: New content available

Since its initial publication, a number of new courses have been added to the IIR refrigeration courses and training repertoire.

• Publication date : 2019/10/21

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs