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IIR document
Homogenic cryotherapy for heat camera diagnostic.
Development of a camera-based tool to monitor non-binary occupants’ interaction with windows and shadings.
Effects of temperatures on dynamic parameters of Vuilleumier machine with dwell motion based on developed third-order numerical model.
Experiencia en optimización energética de plantas de refrigeración y aire acondicionado a través de mediciones de campo.
Experience from energy optimisation in refrigeration and air-conditioning plants through field measurements.
Experiencia en optimización energética de plantas de refrigeracion y aire acondicionado a través de mediciones de campo.
Estudio de campo para comparar 4 refrigerantes en la misma instalación R507, R407A, R407F, R442A, para baja temperatura de evaporación (-30°C).
Field study to compare four refrigerants R507, R407A, R407F, R442A in the same low-temperature (-30°C) evaporation installation.
Conductividad térmica del hielo en función de la temperatura, la velocidad de congelación, el gas disuelto y la presencia de campos electromagnéticos.
Ice thermal conductivity depending on the temperature, the freezing rate, the dissolved gas and the presence of magnetic fields.
Guida area F-Gas: una guida pratica sull’applicazione del nuovo regolamento degli F-gas nel campo della refrigerazione, dell’aria condizionata e delle pompe di calore.
AREA F-Gas Guide: a practical guide on the application of the new F-Gas Regulation to refrigeration, air conditioning & heat pump contractors.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics from in-line cam shaped tube bank in crossflow.
Effectiveness of a tris-based extender (SHOTOR diluent) for the preservation of Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) semen.
Shelf life determination: best practice guidance.
Investigation of different economizers in CO2 transcritical supermarket refrigeration system.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Understanding the market need for skills in alternative refrigerants with low global warming potential in the EU region – A comprehensive survey on Refrigerant Emissions And Leakage (REAL) alternatives programme.
Simultaneous implementation of rotary pressure exchanger and ejectors for CO2 refrigeration system.
Comparison of fresh and used refrigerator compressor oil properties with GC-MS, GC-SIMDIS and ICP-MS Analysis.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
98 results
A refrigerated warehouse in Cameroon.
The first stage of construction of the refrigerated warehouse.
New air conditioner system features “3D” camera
Japanese manufacturer Hitachi recently unveiled nine models of residential air conditioners with an unusual feature. The Stainless Clean Shirokuma-kun X series units features the company's "Living Camera 3D" technology.
Leak detection thanks to thermal imaging cameras
Thermal imaging cameras can be specially designed for the detection of refrigerant gases.
A cryostat provides the optical bench of the largest digital astronomic camera
The manufacture of a cryostat to be used as an optical bench for the camera of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope has been completed.
CO2 supermarkets: CAREL
CAREL and the French hypermarket chain Carrefour have joined forces to develop the first subcritical CO2 plant in a supermarket in Turkey. The Istanbul installation uses a cascade system that supplies the low-temperature units with R744. To...
Briefs: Chameleon tiles for energy savings
It is a well-known fact that dark surfaces absorb the sun's heat, whereas white surfaces reflect it. US Secretary of Energy, Steven Chu, considers that turning all roofs white would eliminate as much greenhouse gas emissions in 20 years as the...
Biologics cold chain : global figures
Between 2006 and 2012, biologics sales doubled to reach USD 124 billion and grew from 14% of over-the-counter pharmaceutical sales to 21%.
Heat exchanger design can improve the performance of PCMs
According to a recent review article, optimising the design of heat exchangers in latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) is one way of improving the thermal conductivity of phase change materials...
Improving air conditioner efficiency could avoid up to 100bn tonnes of CO2
The report “Benefits of Leapfrogging to Super-efficiency and Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Air Conditioning” by the L. Berkeley National Laboratory states that improving the energy efficiency of room air conditioners to the level of...
Improving cold chain infrastructure key to cutting world food waste
In a recent report, IMechE advises governments to prioritize support investment in cold chain infrastructure to improve food security, underpin development and help alleviate poverty.
Launching of the ROCA project for sustainable cooling in francophone African countries
From 2021 to 2024, the ROCA project aims to promote sustainable and energy-efficient cooling in four French-speaking African countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal....
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
Natural refrigerants drove the global commercial refrigeration market in 2023
According to JARN, natural refrigerants in commercial equipment are gaining popularity, namely driving the demand for equipment renewal in Europe.
Solar energy improves medical healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa
UNDP develops the Solar for Health project in Zambia and Zimbabwe. More than 400 healthcare centres are now equipped with solar panels and the health products' cold chain is preserved.
Enhancing the cold supply chain for refrigerated biopharmaceuticals
"The biggest challenges in transporting refrigerated drug products are maintaining an optimum temperature range."
IIR news
72 results
Visit: Cameroon
In November 2004, Philippe Mbesse, the Delegate of Cameroon to the IIR, and Didier Coulomb, met the Ambassador of Cameroon to France, His Excellency Mr Pascal Biloa Tang, in order to strengthen the links between Cameroon and the IIR.
New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry
This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector.
IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson
Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.
New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”
With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...
New members
The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Benefactor member TOTAL, Paris La Défense, France - Corporate members ACC Austria, Fuerstenfeld, Austria Arsenal Research, Vienna, Austria Davicani Srl, Brasov, Romania Kinarca S.A.U.,...
New joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa
A new phase for joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa
Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa
A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses
Latest news from B-Medical Systems, Epta and GEA, three IIR corporate members
B Medical Systems, a global leader in the vaccine cold chain, is expanding its production capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Epta monitors R290 fridges in cashier-free store in Dubai and GEA provides a...
2008, Refrigeration Year
Many events and actions have already been scheduled or have already taken place in various countries in order to celebrate the IIR's centenary and the 100th anniversaries of several national associations of refrigeration (France, the Netherlands,...
Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering
Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.
World Refrigeration Day 2020
The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 31
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-31) in Rome (November 4-8,...
Activities of the IIR’s Commission on Refrigerated Storage and the IIR’s international partnerships
The activity of Commission D1, Refrigerated Storage, is involved in the links with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Within these partnerships, major projects are being...
STEF-TFE opens largest cold store in Madrid
New site cuts energy consumption by 15% with innovative energy storage system during off-peak hours
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
