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IIR document

Low charge ammonia refrigeration systems for refrigerated warehouses.

• Author(s) : JENSEN S. S.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Ammonia, Performance, Installation (implementation), Cold store, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Research on personnel density and air conditioning cooling load in a general hospital.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG T., LÜ J., SHI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 311
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low charge packaged ammonia refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : LAMB R.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Safety, Design, R717, Low charge, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Building envelope cooling load study for an indoor snow field with ETFE-roof.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG J.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 305
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performances of transport refrigeration units at partial load; testing methodology and comparison with performances at full load.

• Author(s) : SUQUET T., CAVALIER G.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The future of low charge NH3 refrigerating plant.

• Author(s) : JENSEN S.
• Publication date: 2021/09/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, R717, Low charge, Energy efficiency, Cold storage, Review, Refrigerating plant
• Source: 9^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, 16-17 September, 2021
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergetic analysis of reverse brayton cryocooler for different cooling loads at 65 K for HTS cables.

• Author(s) : DHILLON A. K., DUTTA R., GHOSH P.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low charge ammonia packaged refrigeration systems: achieving ultra-reliable operation.

• Author(s) : HEGG T., LIEBENDORFER K., HAMILTON D., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, R717, Ammonia, Performance, Refrigerating plant, Low charge, Testing, Compressor
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Influence of cooling load profile on the prediction of energy use in commercial refrigeration plants.

• Author(s) : D'AGARO P., LIBRALATO M., TOFFOLETTI G., CORTELLA G.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Ultra low charge direct ammonia cold store and freezer plant.

• Author(s) : TOMLINSON R.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Reduction, Ammonia, Case study, Cold store, Energy efficiency, Freezer, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Partial load test protocol, a way to move ahead for efficiency measurement in transport refrigeration.

• Author(s) : STUMPF A., CHAKIACHVILI B.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Low charge ammonia systems designed as direct expansion.

• Author(s) : ELSTROM M.
• Publication date: 2021/09/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, R717, Evaporator, Low charge, Low GWP, Cold storage, Australia, Case study, Direct expansion
• Source: 9^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, 16-17 September, 2021
• Formats : PDF

Riduzione della carica di refrigerante nei sistemi frigoriferi.

Refrigerant charge reduction in refrigerating systems. 25th Informatory Note on refrigerating technologies.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, CORBERÁN J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Design, Reduction, Optimization, Environment, Refrigerant, Refrigerant charge
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n. 379
• Formats : PDF

Reducción de la carga refrigerante en los sistemas de refrigeración.

Refrigerant charge reduction in refrigerating systems. 25th Informatory Note on refrigerating technologies.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, CORBERÁN J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Design, Reduction, Optimization, Environment, Refrigerant, Refrigerant charge
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 42 - n. 470
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Refrigerant charge reduction in refrigerating systems, 25th Informatory Note on refrigeration technologies.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, CORBERÁN J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English, French
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Design, Reduction, Optimization, Environment, Refrigerant, Refrigerant charge
• Formats : PDF

UK: low-charge ammonia frozen food storage

The refrigerant charge on previous ammonia plant which was an estimated 5,000 kg has been reduced to just 188 kg

• Publication date : 2015/06/30

Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)

A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)

• Publication date : 2016/09/09

Mini containers, an energy-efficient solution for small farmers?

To benefit small growers, a team of researchers investigated the concept of mini containers that would consume less energy and produce fewer GHG emissions than conventional full-size...

• Publication date : 2022/12/12
• Subjects: Technology

France: tax on refrigerants does not appear in the public finance draft bill of 2018 (in French)

The tax on refrigerants announced in July 2017 by the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition does not finally appear in the public finance draft bill.

• Publication date : 2017/10/10
• Subjects: Regulation

France: a government decision sets a time limit for the use of equipment leaking fluorinated greenhouse gases (in French)

A French decision states that from July 1, 2017, the use of equipment leaking fluorinated greenhouse gases will be limited to 4 days.

• Publication date : 2017/05/09
• Subjects: Regulation

France: A study on leak detection systems

A study focuses on two ways to detect refrigerant leaks: gas detectors and expert systems.

• Publication date : 2017/04/19
• Subjects: Regulation

The expansion of refrigeration applications of Thermal Energy Storage and PCMs

Based on a selection of papers from two recent IIR conferences, overview of thermal energy storage and PCM applications in the fields of refrigerated transport, display cabinets, fishing vessels, food processing...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

Refrigerated transport: innovations and challenges for sustainability

Review of the most promising technologies for refrigerated transport: vapour compression systems with natural refrigerants, photovoltaic systems with electrical energy storage,...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

ICR 2019: an overview of current refrigeration research (part I)

Presentation of the main scientific and technical topics covered in the papers of the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration and summary of some of the 14 keynotes.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport

With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

ICR2019: focus on innovative refrigeration technologies for developing countries

Several papers presented during the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration in August 2019 addressed advances in the refrigeration technologies that are particularly adapted to hot countries with limited electricity supply: solar...

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: Developing country

UK frozen food in 2020: market growth and sustainability

A report by the British Frozen Food Federation (BFFF) reveals a significant growth rate of the frozen food sector in 2020. The report also suggests that the industry is addressing environmental issues such as...

• Publication date : 2021/06/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The benefits of thermal energy storage for cold chain applications

Several presentations at the IIR ICCC 2022 conference focused on the potential applications of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and Phase-Change Materials (PCMs) and highlighted the...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Impact of failures on the performance of refrigeration systems 

An Australian study assesses the impact of failures of different refrigeration systems on their performance. Various air conditioning systems, refrigerated display cabinets and walk-in cold rooms were put to the...

• Publication date : 2022/12/12

Cold storage: sustainable solutions for developing countries with hot climates

Two papers from the recent IIR Congress illustrate the importance of developing the cold chain in developing countries with warm climates. In particular, in India, environmentally-friendly technical solutions...

• Publication date : 2023/12/19

New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction

Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28

Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems

Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/05

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

Member news: Carrier Transicold's innovative electrical technologies for refrigerated transport

Carrier Transicold promotes a new all-electric and autonomous cooling system for semi-trailers that completes its 100% electric range. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

A new version of the ATP Agreement

The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...

• Publication date : 2015/10/20

IIR Seminar in Tunis brings to the forefront the social and economic strategic importance of the cold chain

Recognising the social and economic importance of this issue on a global scale, the IIR organised a seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries on October 25, 2016 in Tunis (Tunisia),...

• Publication date : 2016/12/14

Check out the upcoming cutting edge IIR events for 2016

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events.

• Publication date : 2015/12/16

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2016/03/02

IIR and UNEP OzonAction publish French and Spanish versions of Cold Chain Technology Briefs

Originally published in English, the five Cold Chain Technology Briefs have been translated into two additional languages.

• Publication date : 2020/05/28
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country

Now available: ICCC 2018 conference papers and proceedings

Couldn't attend the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2018) in Beijing, China, last month? Download the conference proceedings and papers.

• Publication date : 2018/05/18

Cold Chain Technology Briefs: Now available in French and Spanish

Originally published in English, the IIR-UNEP OzonAction Cold Chain Technology Briefs have been translated into two additional languages.

• Publication date : 2020/05/26
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology, Developing country

New IIR Informatory Note: Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration

Download your copy of the latest IIR Informatory Note on “Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration”

• Publication date : 2018/04/04

New IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”

The IIR is delighted to announce the new IIR Working Group on Careers in Refrigeration “CaRe”, chaired by Dr Catarina Marques.

• Publication date : 2016/08/03

IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance

The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2016/01/27

See what's in our events calendar for 2016!

ICR2015 may be over, but the IIR’s conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/09/02

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams