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IIR document
Three dimensional modelling of water and salting kinetics in dry-cured ham for improved quality control.
Simulation et caractérisation du comportement énergétique des machines frigorifiques à absorption simple effet (couple Eau/LiBr).
Simulating and characterizing the energy behaviour of single-effect absorption refrigerating machines (lithium bromide-water mixture).
Experimental characterization of a water/LiBr horizontal tubes falling film absorber using an ionic liquid as additive.
Development of advanced water/LiBr absorption chiller with condensation heat recovery for simultaneous cooling and heating applications.
Quality measurement of two-phase flow in plug flow region.
Unutrašnja reverzibilna amonijacna toplotna pumpa vazduh-voda/hladnjak.
Internal reversible ammonia air-to-water heat pump/chiller.
Sensitivity of atomization characteristic to operation conditions for air-assisted atomizers in snow-makers.
CFD research of the counter-flow spray concentration process in solar energy - air evaporating separation saline wastewater treatment system.
Experimental and numerical analysis of an air-cooled double-lift NH3–H2O absorption refrigeration system.
Enhancing heat pump performance by drain water heat recovery and solar air heater – Experimental and numerical studies.
Improvement of Brayton refrigeration air cycle for electroplating wastewater treatment.
Ventilation and deodorization system optimization of a wastewater treatment plant.
Life cycle climate performance analysis of sewage source heat pump systems.
Comparativa entre el ciclo de compresion de vapor simple y con economizador en el rendimiento estacional de una bomba de calor aire-agua.
Comparison between single vapour compression cycle and the cycle with economiser on the seasonal performance of an air-to-water heat pump.
Simulation-assisted development of a mini-split air-to-water façade-integrated heat pump for minimal invasive renovations.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
217 results
Air conditioner wastewater purified for human consumption
In Ecuador, Panasonic developed ACH20, a filtering system that purifies air conditioner wastewater and makes it fit for human consumption.
New process combining cryogenic freezing and MAP
Air Products Freshline® Superfresh is a new methodology which combines cryogenic freezing with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in a specific way to extend the life and quality of food products.
France: The HFC tax plan defered to January 1, 2019.
A video excerpt of the French finance commission informs the debate on taxes on HFCs.
The UAE ratifies the Kigali Amendment
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) becomes the 159th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.
The global refrigeration compressor market
Bien que pénalisé par la pandémie de Covid-19 qui a fortement impacté le secteur du conditionnement d’air, le marché des compresseurs a progressé dans certains domaines tels que la chaîne du froid, l’industrie...
French heat pump market situation
The total market showed an increase of sales in 2014 with a little over 192 967 units sold. This is a rise of 27% compared to 2013.
The high potential of ground-source heat pumps to decarbonise the European building sector
A potential reduction of 20-40% and 30-50% of energy demand in buildings, for heating and cooling respectively, could be achieved through increased use of geothermal heat pumps.
Data centres: the challenges of energy-efficient chip cooling
Innovative liquid cooling solutions are under development to further reduce energy consumption in the ever-growing number of data centres.
Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America
Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas.
IIR Position Paper in IJR: Frozen food at −18°C or −15°C? A critical review of subzero storage, quality, and regulation
IIR expert Alain Le-Bail et al. have recently published an article reviewing the current regulations on selected subzero temperature storages and examining the impact of shifting the frozen storage temperature...
How to reuse the condensate water from air conditioners?
Review of the different uses of the condensate water rejected by air conditioners.
Cold stores: how to achieve net zero emissions?
The UK Cold Chain Federation recently released a report presenting technologies to help temperature-controlled warehouses achieve net zero emissions.
Direct CO2 emissions generated by the refrigeration sector in Chile
As part of its national inventory submitted to the UNFCCC, Chile reported greenhouse gas emission values for the refrigeration and air conditioning sector.
Air conditioning: towards a relaxation of the rules for the use of flammable refrigerants
While the European Commission is paving the way for the use of flammable refrigerants as an alternative for split systems, the current revision of the international standard IEC 60335-2-40 should allow higher...
Slight increase in global LNG trade in 2020
Global LNG trade continued to grow in 2020 albeit at a slower pace than the previous year. Meanwhile, orders for LNG-powered vessels have increased significantly.
IIR news
143 results
Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants
Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.
The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!
In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...
IIR’s contribution and key outcomes at COP29
The International Institute of Refrigeration actively participated in COP29/CMP19/CMA6 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 November to 22 November 2024, contributing to key discussions and fostering discussions...
IIR website: best downloads in 2022
Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain.
IIR website: most downloaded publications in 2023
Discover the three most popular IIR publications of 2023. The focus is on the carbon footprint of the cold chain and cold rooms!
UN Environment and IIR reinforce partnership
In order to formalise their existing partnership, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the UN Environment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 31st Meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP).
New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy
In its latest Informatory Note, the IIR highlights the major and growing role of the refrigeration industry in the global economy, particularly in the areas of food, health, energy and the environment. It calls on policy makers to consider this...
REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants
Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.
The IIR with the World Bank in West Bengal
The IIR is a key partner in the World Bank’s project on the Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) integration into the cold chain in West Bengal
IIR Informatory Notes on refrigerants designed to meet the needs of decision-makers
"We felt it was important to draft a collection of Notes on the most appropriate actions to take in this field, designed to meet the needs of decision-makers in order to be better prepared for the upcoming deadlines."
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 26
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 26th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in...
Press release : International Institute of Refrigeration launches new International Journal of Refrigeration online service
As of January 2017, not only will members of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) continue to receive the hard copy of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) but IIR membership will now also give members access to the...
Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report
UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.
MOP 27: Strong debate in the run-up to COP21
MOP 27 delegates continued firm discussions and addressed the outcomes of OEWG 36
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
10 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Events
2 results
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
