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Renewable energy and energy efficiency: a game-changer.

• Author(s) : SHENDE R.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n.381
• Formats : PDF

The contribution of novel marine system technology to game changing total ship efficiencies.

• Author(s) : VISSER K.
• Publication date: 2017/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Sustainable management of refrigeration technologies in marine and off-shore fisheries sectors.
• Formats : PDF

Why LNG Can Be a First Step in East Asia’s Energy Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: Evaluation of Challenges Using Game Theory.

• Author(s) : MOZAKKA M., SALIMI M., HOSSEINPOUR M., BORHANI T. N.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 17
• Formats : PDF

Pleins phares sur les patinoires.

Spotlight on rinks.

• Author(s) : RIVET P.
• Publication date: 2017/09
• Languages : French
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - n.1165

IIR document

Advanced R744 solution for supermarkets, hotel chillers and maritime applications in India.

• Author(s) : SINGH S., SELVNES H., PARDIÑAS A. A., REDDY S. K., GUPTA P., VAISHAK S., ARUN B. S., WIDELL K. N., ELARGA H., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Parametric Evaluation of Cooling Pipe in Direct Evaporation Artificial Ice Rink.

• Author(s) : ZHANG Z., WANG S., YANG M., GONG K., CHEN Y.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 21
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of fault detection and diagnostics tools by simulation results of multiple vapor compression systems.

• Author(s) : YUILL D. P., CHEUNG H., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic performance and the exergy destruction of the transcritical CO₂ two-stage compression and ejector expansion direct cooling ice making system.

• Author(s) : LI W., WANG B., DENG J., HE Y.
• Publication date: 2023/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 151
• Formats : PDF

Radiant Conditioning Retrofitting for Residential Buildings.

• Author(s) : DO. H. Q., LUTHER M. B., AMIRKHANI M., WANG Z., MARTEK I.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

The carbon game.

• Author(s) : HOPKIN M.
• Publication date: 2004/11/18
• Languages : English
• Source: Nature - vol. 432 - n. 7015

The future game will be COPs.

• Author(s) : CLAASSEN N.
• Publication date: 2009/07
• Languages : English
• Source: RACA Journal - vol. 25 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

In pista con le Olimpiadi.

In track for the Olympic Games.

• Author(s) : CACCIABUE L.
• Publication date: 2006/03
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Industria italiana del Freddo - vol. 60 - n. 2

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa from wild-born Namibian cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and influence of glycerol on cryosurvival.

• Author(s) : CROSIER A. E., PUKAZHENTHI B. S., HENGHALI J. N., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Game, Cryobiology, Animal, Process, Glycerol, Expérimentation, Cryogenics, Cryopreservation
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 52 - n. 2

The effects of different cryoprotectants and temperature increase on the survival of red deer epididymal spermatozoa.

• Author(s) : FERNÁNDEZ SANTOS M. R., ESTESO M. C., SOLER A. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Game, Ethylene glycol, Cryoprotectant, Cryoprobe, DMSO, Propylene glycol, Glycerol, Cryopreservation
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 26 - n. 1

IIR document

CARBON DIOXIDE CHILLING OF HOT BONED MEAT.

• Author(s) : SWAIN M. V. L., GIGIEL A. J., JAMES S. J.
• Publication date: 1986/09/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Game, Slaughterhouse, Dry ice, Microbiology, Meat, Profitability, Chilling, Hot boning, Boning, Hot climate
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Olympic Games

Toshiba will be keeping 3000 journalists cool at the Athens Olympic Games: it will supply 200 compact, quiet multi-split inverter units running on R410-A. Toshiba will also be cooling the martial arts pavilions (81 000 m²) thanks to 7 multimodular...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

A refrigerated warehouse in Cameroon.

The first stage of construction of the refrigerated warehouse.

• Publication date : 2015/07/22

New air conditioner system features “3D” camera

Japanese manufacturer Hitachi recently unveiled nine models of residential air conditioners with an unusual feature. The Stainless Clean Shirokuma-kun X series units features the company's "Living Camera 3D" technology.

• Publication date : 2015/05/05

Leak detection thanks to thermal imaging cameras

Thermal imaging cameras can be specially designed for the detection of refrigerant gases.

• Publication date : 2014/04/14

A cryostat provides the optical bench of the largest digital astronomic camera

The manufacture of a cryostat to be used as an optical bench for the camera of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope has been completed.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America

IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China

For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a  refrigerant, and four use R449A. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Guatemala ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Guatemala becomes the 156th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2024/01/19
• Subjects: Regulation

Spain ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Spain becomes the 150th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2023/06/19
• Subjects: Regulation

Egypt ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Egypt becomes the 152nd country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2023/09/01
• Subjects: Regulation

Djibouti ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Djibouti becomes the 157th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2024/03/22
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation

Thailand ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Thailand becomes the 158th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2024/04/12
• Subjects: Regulation

Kenya confirms acceptance of the Kigali Amendment

Kenya becomes the 154th country to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2023/12/15
• Subjects: Regulation

US ratifies the Kigali Amendment

Following its successful passage through the Senate in September, the USA has now ratified the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2022/11/03

Benefits of energy-efficient refrigeration and of the Kigali Amendment

Supported by figures, a recent IEA-UN Environment Programme report highlights the growing importance of refrigeration in the world and the necessity to deliver efficient and climate-friendly refrigeration for...

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Environment

Visit: Cameroon

In November 2004, Philippe Mbesse, the Delegate of Cameroon to the IIR, and Didier Coulomb, met the Ambassador of Cameroon to France, His Excellency Mr Pascal Biloa Tang, in order to strengthen the links between Cameroon and the IIR.

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Refrigeration Fundamentals on sale!

The IIR's latest course, Refrigeration Fundamentals - Educational Course, will be available within a few weeks. Refrigeration Fundamentals, by André Pilatte - Delegate of Belgium to the IIR and Professor at the Faculté Polytechnique de Mons -...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Valuable publications: Refrigeration Fundamentals

Refrigeration Fundamentals: this IIR course deals with refrigeration fundamentals, components of refrigeration plants, the refrigerants and lubricants used, and control systems. It is an attractive and valuable teaching tool that technicians and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

LNG fundamentals explained in the Encyclopedia of refrigeration

The latest entry in the IIR’s online Encyclopedia of refrigeration is a thematic file presenting LNG production processes, and cold energy recovery applications.

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Technology

Encyclopedia Update: Latest Kigali Amendment Ratification Status by Country

Using the latest data from UNTC, we have compiled an interactive list of countries that have ratified the Kigali agreement. 

• Publication date : 2024/07/11
• Subjects: Regulation

Shecco Virtual Trade Show Concludes 24-Hour Global Exhibit with over 4,000 Registrations

VTS attendees came from across the global cooling marketplace, including end users, manufacturers, contractors, associations, government officials, consultants, academics, students, media, and NGOs.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!

The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

ELICiT: A great success at ThermagVII

At the occasion of Thermag VII conference held in Turin, Italy, attended by approximately 200 delegates of which more than 70 came from companies, the IIR organised, coordinated and facilitated the last ELICiT workshop held on September 14th 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/11/29

EU project SuperSmart comes to a close: What have we learnt?

Funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, the EU SuperSmart project was launched in February 2016 and recently came to an end. Want to know how to reduce energy consumption in the food retail sector?… SuperSmart...

• Publication date : 2019/02/25

A new version of the ATP Agreement

The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...

• Publication date : 2015/10/20

New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry

This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference

Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.

• Publication date : 2019/07/02

News from IIR members: Air Liquide: fast expansion in Turkey

Turkey has a dynamic economy with a growth rate of 9% in 2010. Its industries are developing and diversifying, and the petrochemical sector is expanding.Air Liquide recently signed a long-term contract with the Turkish petrochemical Group...

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges

With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...

• Publication date : 2015/04/08

IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic

To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs