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  • Residential CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating

    This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A theoretical and experimental study was carried out for a residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating - a...

    • Publication date : 2004/11/24
  • New combined CO2 heat pump and solar heating system.

    The Institut für Thermodynamik at the Technical University of Braunschweig (www.ift.tu-bs.de) has developed a new heating system based on a CO2 heat pump connected with a solar storage tank. A...

    • Publication date : 2007/12/03
  • GL2012 highlights: compact CO2 air-heating heat pump for industrial drying

    Researchers in Japan studied and developed a small capacity CO2 heat pump for industrial drying that is hoped will reduce power consumption to about one third.

    • Publication date : 2012/10/04
  • Heat pumps

    - Analysis of sales of heat pumps in Austria over 2003 and 2004 has shown good growth in the heating and controlled dwelling ventilation segments. The figures were compiled with the National Ministry for Transportation, Innovation and Technology,...

    • Publication date : 2005/07/19
  • Markets: Heat Pumps

    - Heat pumps hot in Europe According to the Swedish Heat Pump Association, SVEP, the Swedish market for domestic heat pumps has developed greatly over the last ten years, with over 100 000 heat pumps being sold in 2004. Exhaust air heat...

    • Publication date : 2006/05/05
  • Markets: Heat pumps

    The French heat-pump market grew 112% in 2006, reaching 53 510 units sold. The sales increase was even greater in Germany, where 139% growth occurred.

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
  • CHEs in heat pumps

    In its Annex 33, "Compact Heat Exchangers in Heat Pumping Equipment" issued in September 2010, the Heat Pump Programme details the benefits of using compact heat exchangers (CHEs): . Improved heat exchanger thermal effectiveness: thermal...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/07
  • Heat exhangers: what's new?

    Nanotechnology: the future of heat exchangers? The US Department of Energy has awarded contracts to improve energy efficiency. One such contract, awarded to TIAX, a technology development company, through the Small Business Innovation...

    • Publication date : 2006/05/05
  • Heat Pump Programme success

    The International Energy Agency (IEA) launched a Heat Pump Programme in January 2003, which ended in May earlier this year. Ten countries participated in the programme: Austria, Canada, France, Japan, Norway, Sweden, UK and USA. They joined...

    • Publication date : 2005/11/23
  • Heating and cooling ceilings

    The upcoming translation of European Directive 2002/91/EC on improving energy efficiency in buildings into EU national legislation in January 2006 calls for a clear improvement in the energy efficiency of cooling and heating systems. In view of...

    • Publication date : 2005/10/26
  • Converting waste heat into cooling

    A prototype that has succeeded in converting waste heat into cooling capacity could lead to new solutions to harness excess energy produced by systems.

    • Publication date : 2012/03/23
  • Market: European heat pump market

    - The European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) has published an updated version of its outlook for the European heat pump market. The report shows that after 2 years of very difficult economic times, the market decline has stopped and heat pump...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/07
  • Market: Japanese heat pump market

    A Japanese market research company has analysed the Japanese heat pump market for applications in Eco-Cute water heaters and air-conditioners and published a forecast for market development over the next 10 years. Growth expectations for the...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/07
  • Markets: Nordic heat-pump markets

    In Sweden, heat pump sales reached a record 48 806 in 2003. Until now, single-family homes were the main niche, but growth is expected to shift to apartment buildings. Source: Swedish Heat Pump Association, Martin Forsén, Tel: +46 8 762 75 Norway...

    • Publication date : 2004/07/27
  • Heat pump penetration in Europe

    In spite of the overall market setback in 2009, the long-term growth trend for heat pumps in Europe is upwards, says a report from the IEA Heat Pump Centre (Sweden). For the 9 countries analysed, the total installation rate was 525 000 units...

    • Publication date : 2011/06/09
  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
  • For IIR members only

    Heat pump stock in Europe

    This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

    • Last update : 2021/12/14
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics
  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends
  • Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends
  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs