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Development of a high temperature water heat pump in vent-less dishwasher application.

• Author(s) : LI D., SHIVASHANKAR S.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Dedicated to efficiency. 2016 ASHRAE Technology Award case studies.

• Author(s) : LEMIRE N., FREDERICKS R. O., BARIL P. L., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/10
• Languages : English
• Source: EcoLibrium - vol. 15 - n. 9
• Formats : PDF

Ventilation for odour control.

• Author(s) : KNUTSON G. W.
• Publication date: 2003/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Odour, Ventilation, Inhibition, Hood, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 45 - n. 4

Performance of local ventilated hood in a general ventilation working environment.

• Author(s) : CHUNG K. C., TSAI K. P., WANG Y. H.
• Publication date: 2008/01/19
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. 2008 Winter Meeting, New York City, NY. Volume 114, part 1 + CD-ROM.

Views on ventilation and air-conditioning engineering design in modern laboratories.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHOU Z.
• Publication date: 2013/05
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 43 - n. 277
• Formats : PDF

Discussion on energy efficiency design method for laboratory air conditioning and ventilation projects.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZUO X.
• Publication date: 2013/05
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 43 - n. 277
• Formats : PDF

Experiment and CFD simulation on a push-pull local ventilation system in factories: capture efficiency of push-pull local ventilation and disturbance caused by general ventilation.

[In Japanese. / En japonais.]

• Author(s) : KONDO Y., YOSHINO H., TANAKA T.
• Publication date: 2004/07
• Languages : Japanese
• Source: Transaction of the Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan - n. 94

Development of a ventilation control system using temperature in a commercial kitchen.

• Author(s) : KURABUCHI T., TORIUMI Y., FUNADO M., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

CFD modelling of indoor environment quality affected by gas stoves.

• Author(s) : KAJTÁR L., LEITNER A.
• Publication date: 2007/06/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Clima 2007. WellBeing Indoors. Proceedings of the 9th REHVA World Congress [CD-ROM + Abstract book].

Dynamic response of ductwork laboratory exhaust systems.

• Author(s) : WIGGERT D. C., MARTIN C. S.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : English
• Source: HVAC&R Research - vol. 10 - n. 4

The effect of supply air systems on kitchen thermal environment.

• Author(s) : LIVCHAK A., SCHROCK D., SUN Z. Q.
• Publication date: 2005
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. 2005 Winter Meeting. Volume 111, part 1 + CD-ROM.

Temperature fluctuations during deep temperature cryopreservation reduce PBMC recovery, viability and T-cell function.

• Author(s) : GERMANN A., OH Y. J., SCHMIDT T., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 67 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Demand-based control of lab air change rates.

• Author(s) : SHARP G. P.
• Publication date: 2010/02
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 52 - n. 2

Energy recovery in lab air-handling systems.

• Author(s) : BARNET B. M.
• Publication date: 2013/09
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 55 - n. 9

Ventilazione industriale: verifica sperimentale di un metodo di dimensionamento per sistemi push-pull.

Industrial ventilation: the experimental validation of a new sizing tool developed for push-pull systems.

• Author(s) : JOPPOLO C. M., GAMBA F., MACCHIA C., et al.
• Publication date: 2002/03/07
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Qualità ambientale e soluzioni sostenibili. 43e Convegno Internazionale AICARR [CD-ROM]./ Environmental quality and sustainable technology. 43rd International conference of AICARR [CD-ROM].

Food invention: frozen tea cubes

Iceland Food has expressed interest in a student prize-winning invention: frozen fruit tea cubes.

• Publication date : 2013/09/12

United-States frozen food market

Frozen food consumption receded by 0.7% in tonnage terms in 2010. However, at 49.7 kg per capita, according to “Food for Thought”, US consumption is still the highest in the world.

• Publication date : 2012/04/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Hygiene of foodstuffs

On the basis of the principle that every European citizen is entitled to a varied diet of safe and wholesome food and that all information on the composition, manufacturing processes and use of foodstuffs must be clear and accurate and with a view...

• Publication date : 2004/10/18

China food chain

Last year, China reported almost 70 billion yuan (USD 8.63 billion) losses in discarded fruit and vegetables. Annual food production is estimated at USD 300 billion but over 20% of food is wasted during transportation due, according to the...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

MegaFood Park to be launched in India

India is continuing its roll-out of food and drink processing hubs. Another Mega Food Park site is to be launched in Malipada in the state of Odisha.

• Publication date : 2013/01/11

Markets: Frozen Foods - France

In France, consumption of frozen foods is definitely on the rise: in 2005, the French spent 5.4 billion € on retailed frozen foods, 1 billion € of which was on ice cream. Between 2002 and 2005 ice-cream consumption rose by 10.4% despite relative...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Markets: Frozen Foods - China

China has a clearly positive foreign trade balance. According to UbiFrance it represented 1.2 billion € in 2004. Imports are mainly centred on sea foods because of foreign companies, in particular from the USA, outsourcing their activity to China...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Refrigeration and Food

Given the ever-increasing processing and exportation of food, world food is consuming more and more energy by the day: a trend that threatens to send food prices rocketing overnight if not taken in hand. The US food system alone uses over 10.55 x...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Frozen produces less CO2 emissions than chilled food

A scientific report by Bristol-based Refrigeration Developments and Testing Ltd. suggests that frozen food emits less CO2 emissions than chilled food, contrary to popular belief.

• Publication date : 2012/12/19

Briefs: World's largest food park

Early 2010, the world's largest food park opened 20 km from Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. The 95-acre Patanjali Food and Herbal Park is to provide direct employment for 7000 people. The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) plans to set...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

US increasing food waste

Food waste contributes to excess consumption of freshwater and fossil fuels which, along with methane and CO2 emissions from decomposing food, thus impact global climate change. In a recent paper published in the Public Library of Science ONE,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Markets: frozen food: Russia

The frozen food sector in Russia, in particular seafood, is a dynamic, rapidly developing market. Market figures for frozen fruits and vegetables, including berries and mushrooms rise an average of 30% per year whilst the demand for frozen seafood...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Markets: frozen food: Europe

The top 4 European countries in terms of consumption per capita of quick-frozen foods, excluding poultry, are Sweden (46.9 kg), Ireland, (46.6 kg), the UK (45.5 kg) and Denmark (45.2 kg). According to the Swiss research institute Food for Thought...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Penguins, offices and seafood

Who has created a penguin environment at San Diego's Seaworld, ice thermal-storage systems for office towers in Japan and seafood preservation systems for a large Chilean producer? The answer is Sunwell Technologies Inc., a Canadian firm...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Liquid crystal technology speeds up foodborne pathogen detection

Crystal Diagnostics has pioneered liquid-crystal technology that enables smart fast detection of bacteria and other dangerous pathogens such as E. coli in foodstuffs.

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

CEFood 2006 in Sofia

The Third Central European Congress on Food (CEFood 2006) will take place in Sofia (Bulgaria) on 22-24 May 2006: http://www.cefood.org,

• Publication date : 2006/02/03

Briefs: Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted

Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted The recommended International Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods (QFF) has just been adopted at Step 5 and then directly at step 8 (final adoption) at the 31st...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Upcoming conferences: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation

Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation, an IIR Conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand on February 16-19, 2006. Keynote speakers: James Braun, Robert Heap, Forbes Pearson, Satish Kandlikar and Paul Waide....

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Cooling Keeps Food Fresh : Global Campaign Announced for World Refrigeration Day, June 26

Since 2019, June 26 celebrates the World Refrigeration Day. With increasing global stakes at hand over the past years, refrigeration took a leading role at the heart of international...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR publication: Latest Developments in Refrigerated Storage, Transportation and Display of Food Products

The proceedings of Latest Developments in Refrigerated Storage, Transportation and Display of Food Products, an IIR conference involving Commissions C2, D1 with D2, held in Amman, Jordan, on March 28-30, 2005 comprise 24 papers. within the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

New in our Encyclopedia. Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry 

This summary document presents the applications of cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry .

• Publication date : 2023/06/27
• Subjects: Technology

Quick Frozen Foods Code

The Recommended International Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods of the Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) is now available on the Codex Alimentarius Web site on the list of

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

A new Master’s for food security

In September 2013, the Polytechnic Institute of LaSalle in Beauvais, France launched a Master degree in the “Management of Food Safety in Cities”, certified by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and partnered with the IIR.

• Publication date : 2014/02/05

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering

Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2015/04/01

ENOUGH Project: Joint Statement on Food Waste Reduction

The ENOUGH project has joined efforts to call for rigorous food waste reduction measures in Europe.

• Publication date : 2023/12/08

Your invitation: United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021

The UN has invited the Director General of the IIR to present key data from two of its Informatory Notes during the Food Systems Summit 2021 to take place on September 20.

• Publication date : 2021/09/13
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

INDEE+ at 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023), Kolkata, India

In February 2023, INDEE+ successfully participated to the 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023) in Kolkata. The project was jointly promoted in a technical session and at a dedicated booth.

• Publication date : 2023/03/28

Member news: Danfoss is committed to reducing food waste

The Salling Group and Danfoss are working with Microsoft to reduce food waste and energy consumption in retail refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

New president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering

The IIR is proud to announce the appointment of Judith Evans, Professor at London South Bank University, as the new president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2016/07/06

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information