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  • Briefs: Bright future for cool LEDS

    Light-emitting diodes (LED), which are replacing traditional light sources in many fields, are beginning to be used in refrigerated and frozen display cabinets and are likely to make a big impact on refrigeration for several reasons. They are more...

    • Publication date : 2007/08/05
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  • LED lighting extends the colour shelf life of meat

    Researchers from Kansas State University, USA, claim they have proved that the use of LED lights in refrigerated display cabinets can improve the shelf life of fresh meat.

    • Publication date : 2012/05/09
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  • Dongbu Daewoo releases NFC-enabled smart series

    A smart refrigerator "talks" to consumers through their mobile phone.

    • Publication date : 2013/09/16
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  • LNG-fuelled ships

    New ships will increasingly be fuelled by LNG, and Zeus Development Corporation is monitoring LNG-fuelled non-carrier vessels: there are currently 50 and the number is growing fast.

    • Publication date : 2012/08/03
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  • Briefs: Chilled beams take off

    Several MIT buildings now boast what looks like slim, fin-tubed radiators in ceiling cavities. These cooling devices are chilled beams. They use water, not air, to remove heat from a room. The potential energy reduction of using chilled beams...

    • Publication date : 2010/03/07
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  • Briefs: Chilled ceilings and beams

    Chilled beams and ceilings, considered to be environmentally friendly, aesthetic, silent and energy saving, are attracting a great deal of interest. BSRIA (the Building Services Research and Information Association) estimates that the market,...

    • Publication date : 2004/07/27
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  • MArkets: Chilled ceilings and beams

    Chilled ceilings and beams are booming! The latest developments have enhanced acceptance and the UK market grew 33% in 2006 compared with 2005, rising to around GBP 54 million. Tougher building regulations are raising demand for energy-efficient...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • Storing energy thanks to cryocooled air

    A new type of energy-storage process that can operate on a large scale.

    • Publication date : 2012/11/29
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  • Out of ordinary: Chilled Medieval Book

    A 1000-year-old Book of Psalms has been discovered by a construction worker in Ireland and is now stored in refrigeration at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. The book was found in a bog and the tannic acid content of the bog is thought to...

    • Publication date : 2007/02/12
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  • Frozen produces less CO2 emissions than chilled food

    A scientific report by Bristol-based Refrigeration Developments and Testing Ltd. suggests that frozen food emits less CO2 emissions than chilled food, contrary to popular belief.

    • Publication date : 2012/12/19
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  • UK: Chilled foods are not so wasteful

    The UK Chilled Foods Association (CFA) has responded to criticism that the manufacture and sale of chilled prepared foods is “incredibly wasteful” compared with frozen and ambient foods. CFA emphasizes that just-in-time ingredient sourcing...

    • Publication date : 2011/12/15
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  • Bunker under highly controlled-atmosphere to measure Earth’s rotation

    Equipment with extremely stable laser requires perfect mastery of air pressure and temperature.

    • Publication date : 2012/08/30
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  • New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems

    A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.

    • Publication date : 2015/12/06
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  • Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples

    Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.

    • Publication date : 2014/03/21
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  • Chilled beam for health care rooms

    The benefits of implementing active chilled beams include downsized ductwork/equipment, energy reductions of up to 50% in some cases, decreased maintenance, optimal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ)

    • Publication date : 2014/03/26
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • For IIR members only

    Heat pump stock in Europe

    This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

    • Last update : 2021/12/14
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
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  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends
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  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
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See all results in the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration