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Expérimentation, simulation et optimisation industrielles du pré-refroidissement de choux-fleurs.

Industrial experimentation, simulation and optimization of cauliflower precooling.

• Author(s) : YASSINE H., LE BIDEAU P., GLOUANNEC P.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : French
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 104 - n. 1153

Chapter 6. Precooling

• Author(s) : ELANSARI A. M., FENTON D. L., CALLAHAN C. W.
• Publication date: 2019
• Languages : English

IIR document

Experimental error in large scale cooling operations.

• Author(s) : OLATUNJI J. R., SHIM Y. M., EAST A. R.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Selection of wetted media for pre-cooling of air entering natural draft dry cooling towers.

• Author(s) : HE S., XU Y., ZHANG G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/03/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 114

A novel temperature-independent model for estimating the cooling energy in residential homes for pre-cooling and solar pre-cooling.

• Author(s) : HESLOP S., YILDIZ B., ROBERTS M., CHEN D., LAU T., NADERI S., BRUCE A., MACGILL I., EGAN R.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 23
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Pre-cooling systems in modern hydrogen liquefaction.

• Author(s) : KRIKUNOVA M., SAMOKHVALOV Y., KROTOV A., MASLIKOVA S., POLYANSKY N.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Development of multi-functional fresh-keeping device and experimentation of cabbage vacuum pre-cooling.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : SHEN J., ZHANG C., LIU S., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 38 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Optimization in the control modes of propan pre-cooling and mixed-refrigerant process.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : PAN H., LI S., LI Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 37 - n. 168
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical modeling of forced-air pre-cooling of fruits and vegetables: A review.

• Author(s) : KUMAR A., KUMAR R., SUBUDHI S.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design of closed-loop mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson cryosurgical probe with precooling stage.

• Author(s) : LEE C., YOO J., PARK I., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Examinations of quantitative evaluation method of food freezing process. Evaluation of pre-cooling freezing.

• Author(s) : MAEKAWA R., WATANABE M., SUZUKI T.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Is it effective to pre-cool close to the freezing point temperature before freezing?

• Author(s) : MAEKAWA R., WATANABE M., POUDYAL R. L., SUZUKI T.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 132
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Studies on the pressure distribution inside palletised packages during precooling.

• Author(s) : TAPIA-ZAPATA N., LOVE R. J., NOWAK E., EAST A. R.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Onboard pre-chilling of ungutted and gutted Atlantic cod in different cooling media -Temperature measurements and analytical modelling.

• Author(s) : ELIASSON S., ARASON S., MARGEIRSSON B., PALSSON O. P.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 132
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energetic assessment on a dual-temperature evaporation refrigeration system for hydrogen pre-cooling.

• Author(s) : WU Y., GUO Y., YU H., CHEN J., SHAO S.
• Publication date: 2024/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 159
• Formats : PDF

Indonesia unveils its first National Cooling Action Plan

The Indonesian government launched its first National Cooling Action Plan (I-NCAP) which focuses on air conditioning, food and healthcare cold chains, mobile air conditioning and...

• Publication date : 2024/08/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy, General information

EU: first Heating and Cooling Strategy

UE: towards a smart, efficient and sustainable heating and cooling sector.

• Publication date : 2016/06/08
• Subjects: Regulation

Africa’s first concentrating solar cooling system

Mobile telecommunications company MTN has launched Africa’s first Concentrating Solar Cooling System in its Head office in Johannesburg.

• Publication date : 2014/09/30

For IIR members only

Must read: evidence and guidelines against dumping of inefficient cooling equipment in developing countries

The IGSD compiled a resource guide to inform stakeholders on environmentally harmful dumping of new but energy-inefficient cooling equipment that uses high global-warming-potential...

• Publication date : 2024/10/24
• Subjects: Developing country

The race to design individual cooling devices

Cooling individuals would be less energy-consuming and a lot cheaper than cooling entire buildings. Based on that principle, companies, start-ups, and researchers are racing to build wearable devices that can act like mini air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2020/02/06

Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)

A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)

• Publication date : 2016/09/09

France: a guidebook on the best practices for the loading of frozen food (in French)

The French Union of Refrigerated Transport (UNTF) published a best practice guide on frozen food loading in refrigerated trucks.

• Publication date : 2017/07/05

Reducing post-harvest food losses in sub-Saharan Africa 

To strengthen the cold chain for fruit and vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable measures and the use of precooling are recommended in a review article. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Developing country

Pre-cooling of apples using spraying systems more efficient

Cooling apples using a spraying system proves faster, better and cheaper!

• Publication date : 2013/09/30

Importing citrus fruits into the EU: cold treatment is now mandatory

As of 24 June 2022, precooling at origin and a cold treatment in transit are mandatory for citrus fruits imported from non-EU countries.

• Publication date : 2022/07/18
• Subjects: Regulation

A new African Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain

A new African Centre of Excellence for sustainable cooling and cold chain (ACES) based in Rwanda, will help African farmers get their produce to market quickly and efficiently, thus reducing food waste, boosting...

• Publication date : 2020/11/05
• Subjects: Technology

Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers

Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

The environmental benefits of evaporative cooling

An Eurovent study shows that evaporative cooling could help save up to 56,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year in the future in the European Union. Evaporative cooling is present in half of the projects presented by the eight Global Cooling Prize...

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

New evaporative cooling system for more energy efficient data centres

A dew point cooling system, which is an indirect evaporative cooling system that approaches the dew point, has reduced the electricity consumption of a UK data centre by 80%. 

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Member news: Presenting MIRAI Intex's Latest process cooling Innovation - X Cryo

Discover the latest advancement in process cooling technology from MIRAI Intex. X Cryo delivers precision and durability, meeting the needs of demanding industrial applications. 

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!

Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/30
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Environment

Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs

The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications. 

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

Pôle Cristal Symposium: Les Rendez-Vous Du Pole Cristal 2019

The twelfth edition of the symposium "les rendez-vous du Pôle Cristal" was held in Dinan on Thursday, October 3, 2019.

• Publication date : 2019/10/27

Invitation to join the IIR working group: Solid-state cooling and heating

Established last year, this latest IIR working group aims to promote international research collaboration to provide energy efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for a variety of solid-state...

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on caloric cooling technologies 

IIR’s 50th Informatory Note on refrigeration technologies focuses on three promising alternative solid-state cooling technologies: magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and...

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024

A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).

• Publication date : 2024/10/07

World Refrigeration Day 2021 reaches every corner of the globe!

This year, seven organisations partnered with World Refrigeration Day to bring to the limelight the exciting career opportunities in fields relying on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2021/09/08

Next Generation Cooling: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2023 Theme

Titled "Next Generation Cooling", the WRD 2023 campaign will focus on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from cooling.

• Publication date : 2023/05/27
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

IIR’s contribution and key outcomes at COP29

The International Institute of Refrigeration actively participated in COP29/CMP19/CMA6 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 November to 22 November 2024, contributing to key discussions and fostering discussions...

• Publication date : 2024/12/17
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Join our second Webinar on Walk-In Cold Rooms on June 11!

Book your seat! Register to the second webinar in our '"Cool Insights" series highlighting the use of walk-in cold rooms for precooling and storage of fresh produce in the Global South. 

• Publication date : 2024/05/28
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, General information, Environment

Highlight from COP13/MOP36 - Day 1

At a side event during COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, IIR and Cool Up Programme convened global leaders to address challenges in energy-efficient refrigeration and cooling. Discussions focused on reducing emissions,...

• Publication date : 2024/10/28

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers