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IIR document
Sizing strategy of on–off and modulating heat pump systems based on annual energy analysis.
Transient simulation of small-capacity reciprocating compressors for on-off controlled refrigerators.
Optimized on-off controller for energy saving in a household refrigerator.
Transient simulation of small-capacity reciprocating compressors in on-off controlled refrigerators.
Quasi-steady-state simulation of the on-off behaviour of household refrigerators: a self-tuning approach.
Approximate calculation of on-off vapor refrigeration cycle efficiency through pseudo-stationary models.
Experimental performance assessment of a hermetic reciprocating compressor operating in a household refrigerator under on–off cycling conditions.
A numerical evaluation of adaptive on-off cooling strategies for energy savings during long-term storage of apples.
Recommended by the IIR
Optimal load shifting for multiple ON/OFF air conditioning units: how to avoid unnecessary peak for precooling?
A CFD study of adapting on-off cooling cycles in apple cold stores for energy saving.
Simulation computation and experimental investigation for on-off procedure of refrigerator.
A thermographic study of the on-off behavior of an all-refrigerator.
Numerical simulation of refrigeration cycles with capillary tubes in on/off cycling mode.
Partialization losses of on/off operation of water-to-water refrigeration/heat-pump units.
Partialization losses of ON/OFF operation of water-to-water refrigeration/heat-pump units.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
238 results
An infographic shows what would happen if all technologies suddenly vanished
The Refrigeration School recently published The Refrigeration Apocalypse, an infographic showing the consequences of a failure of all cooling systems after different periods of time.
Air conditioning in every NYC classroom by 2022
The city officially announced a USD 28.75 million initiative to install air conditioners in every NYC classroom over the next five years.
Reducing post-harvest food losses in sub-Saharan Africa
To strengthen the cold chain for fruit and vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable measures and the use of precooling are recommended in a review article.
Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?
In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....
Europe dominated the global frozen food market in 2020
2020 has seen record sales in the frozen food sector. According to Frozen Food Europe, Europe had the largest share of the global frozen food market in 2020. Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa are...
Is super-cooling better than chilling for seafood products?
Super-cooled storage is a novel technique that better preserves the texture and freshness of fish and extends shelf life compared to chilling.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to refrigeration systems
AI techniques, which are currently very topical, are the subject of intense research and development. Overview of their applications and benefits in the refrigeration sector, based on the latest articles...
Reducing food waste: can we keep open canned sardines in the refrigerator?
Researchers from the University of Porto studied the shelf life at 4°C of open canned sardines, depending on the type of seasoning (sardines in brine, vegetable oil, tomato...
Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning
A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning.
R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems
A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...
Hydrocarbons as refrigerants in air conditioning
Presentation of several initiatives to develop the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants – especially propane – in air conditioning in India, Indonesia, Ghana, Costa Rica and the Philippines.
UK frozen food sales in 2021
The annual report by the British Frozen Food Federation (BFFF) reveals that frozen food sales have maintained a growth momentum in 2021, despite sales volumes being slightly down...
Is this the final run in the quest for the Higgs Boson?
In March 2012, physicists from Fermilab’s Tevatron collider near Chicago announced that data collected could suggest the existence of the Higgs boson. Furthermore, the results coincide with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results released by CERN...
Road to COP28. Energy efficiency and recovery of refrigerants
“Sustainability must refer to energy efficiency and circularity”, says Dr Laura Fedele, IIR expert.
Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America
IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America.
IIR news
123 results
Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!
ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities
IIR Informatory Notes on refrigerants designed to meet the needs of decision-makers
"We felt it was important to draft a collection of Notes on the most appropriate actions to take in this field, designed to meet the needs of decision-makers in order to be better prepared for the upcoming deadlines."
What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!
In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.
Focus on Commission B1 : Leading the way in thermodynamics and transfer processes
The objectives of Commission B1 on Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes are to provide academic and industrial information and data, and to propose any solutions on thermodynamics and transfer processes.
REAL Alternatives event during MOP32
A REAL Alternatives side meeting at the international MOP32 (Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol) was organised by the project partner ATF Italy on 25th November 2020.
Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society
With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...
EPTA S.P.A. continues to grow in Germany with the acquisition of heifo refrigeration activities
The European expansion of one of the leading companies in commercial refrigeration continues with an increasingly capillary service for its customers in the north of Germany.
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?
If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.
WGC PARIS 2015: “Growing together towards a friendly planet”
The 26th World Gas Conference (WGC), held in Paris last week, offered attendees an ideal opportunity for networking, learning and sharing information on the latest developments
IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA
The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...
IIR Conferences: Statement by the Director General
The Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Yosr Allouche, invites participants from around the world to join the upcoming IIR conferences, which are open to all.
IJR Editorial: The IIR on the board of the international network of women in cooling
Women are significantly and visibly under-represented in the refrigeration industry. A preliminary evaluation has demonstrated that around 6% of women are members of national refrigeration and air-conditioning...
The IIR supports operational and economic missions in Madagascar
IIR interventions and recommendations will focus on the mission’s aspects which are related to the food cold chain, including offshore fishery and continental aquaculture among others.
What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?
Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Events
1 result
Sponsored event
Clima 2025: 15th REHVA HVAC World Congress
June 04, 2025 - June 05, 2025
Milan, Italy
Buildings for the climate of the future: the key role of the HVAC sector The REHVA HVAC World Congress CLIMA is one of the leading international scientific congress in the field of heating,...
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