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Recommended by the IIR

Africa LNG special report 2021

• Author(s) : Africa Oil and Power
• Publication date: 2021/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LNG, Africa, Mozambique, Economy, Statistics, Market, Energy

South Africa: gateway to the continent.

• Author(s) : WALSH A.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Economy, Cold chain
• Source: Cold Facts

Developing the cold chain in the food sector in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East and North Africa.

• Author(s) : DJIBRIL D.
• Publication date: 2015/06/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food, Cold chain, Reduction, Africa, Performance, Development, Waste
• Source: Le ultime tecnologie del freddo e del condizionamento. Atti del 16° Convegno Europeo: June 12-13, 2015, Milano, Italia.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Africa Energy Outlook 2022

• Author(s) : IEA
• Publication date: 2022/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy, Energy consumption, Electricity, Household refrigerator, Household application, Air conditioning, Africa, Prediction, Economy, Fuel (generic), Cost, Sustainability
• Formats : PDF

South Africa National Cooling Plan

• Author(s) : Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (Government of South Africa)
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Market, Air conditioning, Regulations, Household refrigerator, Economy, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant, HFC, Standard, Labelling, Green building
• Formats : PDF

Energy efficient air conditioners (AC). Country: South Africa

• Author(s) : South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI), Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy,, COVARY T., DU PREEZ K., GÖTZ T.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Split system, South africa, Consumption, Air conditioner, Market, Energy efficiency

IIR document

Sustainable development of transport refrigeration sector in South Africa.

• Author(s) : SCHUSTER M., COLBOURNE D., WILSON B., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Refrigerated transport, R290, Performance, Hydrocarbon, Refrigerated vehicle, Refrigerant
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Africa Renewable Energy Manufacturing: Opportunity and Advancement.

• Author(s) : Sustainable Energy for All
• Publication date: 2023
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Solar energy, Morocco, South africa, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Tunisia, Nigeria, Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania

Recommended by the IIR

Environmentally Harmful Dumping of Inefficient and Obsolete Air Conditioners in Africa

• Author(s) : CLASP
• Publication date: 2020/06/24
• Languages : French, English
• Keywords : HCFC, Tunisia, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, South africa, GWP, Regulations, R22, Environment, Air conditioning, Split system, Developing country, Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Energy efficiency
• Formats : PDF

On the Potential of Packaging for Reducing Fruit and Vegetable Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa.

• Author(s) : TAPSOBA L. D. S., KIEMDE S. M. A., LAMOND B. F., LÉPINE J.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Africa, Packaging, Waste, Fruit, Vegetable, Food, Review, Statistics
• Source: Foods - 11 - 7
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Challenges and opportunities in the introduction of an affordable refrigerator for Africa.

• Author(s) : TANSLEY I.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Africa, Solar energy, Cost, Thermal energy storage, Market, Survey, Household refrigerator, Electricity
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

Development and evaluation of a R290 transport refrigeration unit in South Africa.

• Author(s) : HUAN Z., RAMAUBE M., MOLUBE N. J-C.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Comparison, Refrigerated transport, R404A, R290, Expérimentation, Refrigerant charge, Hot climate
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Characterisation and thermal performance of a R290 transport refrigeration unit with charge amount in South Africa.

• Author(s) : HUAN Z., RAMAUBE M., MOLUBE N. J-C.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Refrigerated transport, R290, Performance, Hydrocarbon, Testing, Retrofitting
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Propane (HC – 290) as an Alternative Refrigerant in the Food Transport Refrigeration Sector in Southern Africa – a Review.

• Author(s) : KIVEVELE T.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Road transport, Natural refrigerant, Propane, R290, South africa, Review
• Source: Automative Experiences - vol. 5 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Precooling and Cold Storage Methods for Fruits and Vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa—A Review.

• Author(s) : MAKULE E., DIMOSO N., TASSOU S. A.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold storage, Fruit, Vegetable, Storage condition, Storage life, Post harvest loss, Tanzania, Cold chain, Africa, Precooling, Evaporative system, Sorption system, Recommendation, Review
• Source: Horticulturae - vol. 8 - 9
• Formats : PDF

Africa: First Ozone village in Africa

The Nigerian government announced in August 2009 that it intends to build a revolutionary ozone village in Ogun State. The project will feature locally manufactured prototype ozone-friendly systems, CFC recovery and recycling, and hydrocarbon...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Africa: a project to replace CFC chillers in Africa

A new UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) joint project aims at replacing chillers in several African countries. A survey conducted in Cameroon, Egypt, Namibia, Senegal and Sudan, identified...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Briefs: Africa's first bio-bank

South Africa's first bio-bank, a cold storage facility where samples from HIV clinical trials and other diseases can be stored for years to support future medical research, was launched recently. The state-of-the-art facility in Johannesburg is...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Fresh out of Africa

The annual production of fruit and vegetables in Burkina-Faso is estimated at over 300 000 tonnes. It encompasses more than 30 000 producers and 25-30 km² of market garden produce and 120 km² of orchards. The official opening of the SOBFEL, the...

• Publication date : 2006/01/24

Briefs: Largest distribution centre in Africa

The centre, built by Woolworths in Midrand, South Africa has a surface area of 72 000 m². The 2-stage refrigeration system uses 4.2 tons of ammonia. It operates at -9°C/+32°C on the low stage while the high-stage ammonia circuit is used to chill...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Discussion around solar fridges in Africa

A manufacturer from Swaziland recently presented three new SolarChill prototypes operating with hydrocarbon refrigerant at a side event of the Open Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol held in Geneva and attracted a lot of interest from...

• Publication date : 2012/02/09

Natural refrigerants in emerging countries: South Africa

South Africa is facing an energy shortage and a rise in electricity prices. Natural refrigerants, which have important energy saving potential, are now being introduced, especially in supermarkets. Here are 2 examples: . GTZ has offered technical...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Solar cooling for large buildings in South Africa

A solar cooling solution to reduce energy costs for large buildings by combining high-efficiency chillers with hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) technologies has been introduced in South Africa.

• Publication date : 2013/07/02

Markets: Chinese AC exports to Africa are soaring

Exports of air conditioners from China to Africa grew to over 28.8 million units in the first 8 months of 2010, an increase of 51.3% over last year, according to Chinese customs figures. This growth is even greater than that of Chinese exports of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

African AC market begins to shine.

Air conditioner exports from China to Africa increased by 19% in the first half of 2016.

• Publication date : 2017/03/02
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Strong growth in the African air-conditioning market

Africa is gaining more attention as a potential market in the current sluggish global economic environment

• Publication date : 2013/02/15
• Subjects: Figures, economy

In-transit cold treatment facilitates imports of South African fruits in India

A recent agreement between India and South Africa for in-transit cold treatment should benefit South African exporters of apples and pears.

• Publication date : 2022/09/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

The African air conditioner market in 2015

The market decreased by 8.2% year on year in 2015 with market scale falling to 2.6 million units.

• Publication date : 2016/09/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

A new African Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain

A new African Centre of Excellence for sustainable cooling and cold chain (ACES) based in Rwanda, will help African farmers get their produce to market quickly and efficiently, thus reducing food waste, boosting...

• Publication date : 2020/11/05
• Subjects: Technology

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)

At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/04/06
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Developing country

The IIR participated in the South African Road Show

The Department of Environmental affairs of the Republic of South Africa (DEA), in collaboration with UNIDO, organised a Road Show in South Africa on June 11-22, 2018.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country, HFCs alternatives

New joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa

A new phase for joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa

• Publication date : 2014/10/09

Donation to Prof. Banadda’s family and job opportunity for the SophiA project in Africa

Please find attached the press release concerning the donation campaign for the family of Prof. Noble Ephraim Banadda, who was one of the key promoters of SophiA, convincing experts in African ministries of health and various organisations to...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology, Environment, HFCs alternatives

New in our Encyclopedia: additive manufacturing for refrigeration equipment

Additive manufacturing makes it possible to optimise the geometry and performance of cooling components such as heat exchangers and regenerators for caloric...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.

A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”

The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!

Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/30
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress

SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.

• Publication date : 2023/10/27

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Benefactor members Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque, France EPEE, Belgium Private members Mr Nacer Achaichia, Belgium Mr Pascal Leterrible, France Mr Georges Marguerite, France Mr Mitchell...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members Liebherr-Hausgergerate Ochsenhausen GmbH, Ochsenhausen, Germany Shrieve Products International Ltd, West Malling Kent, United Kingdom Refrigeration Solutions (Pty) Ltd, Cape...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members : Corporate members Frigor Service Réunion, Saint Pierre, Ile de la Réunion Veolia Environnement, Limay, France Private members Mr Jean-Pierre Bernard, France Mr Leonilton Tomaz Cleto,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany Prodal, Ciudad la Habana, Cuba Private members Mr Titus Bartholomeus, The Netherlands Mrs Susana Ferreira de Pablo, Spain Mr Stephen Gill,...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

International activities: IKK 2005

IKK 2005, the 26th IKK-International Trade Fair Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Ventilation, took place in Hanover on November 2-4, 2005. It attracted 13 670 visitors and 610 exhibitors from 41 countries. For the third year running the IIR was...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG