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Research on personnel density and air conditioning cooling load in a general hospital.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
IIR document
Retrofitting potential of R744 heat pump/chiller for a multispecialty hospital.
The influencing factors of cold storage incubator with Al2O3-HO nanofluids by orthogonal method.
Sistemas de refrigeração para conservação de produtos médicos nos estabelecimentos públicos de cuidados de saúde da união europeia: estudo de mercado.
Cooling systems for the medical products preservation in public health care institutions of the European Union: market research.
Indoor air quality in hospitals.
Efikasni sistemi KGH u bolnicama.
Efficient HVAC systems in hospitals.
Le circuit d'une colle biologique congelée.
The circuit of a frozen biological glue.
La livraison des médicaments froids au CHRU de Caen.
Delivering refrigerated medicines to the Caen University Hospital.
Optimizing building performance at Pushpawati Singhania research institute
High temperature heat pumps for seasonal thermal energy storage and district heating systems.
La qualité de la chaîne du froid en établissement de santé.
The quality of the cold chain in a health facility.
Gagner le pari du respect de la chaîne du froid dans un centre hospitalier.
Winning the challenge of complying with the cold chain in a hospital centre.
Acute care. Lean, green & digital.
"Doing it with CO2 refrigeration anywhere in the world." Moving the CO2 Equator to the geographical Equator.
Recommended by the IIR
Recent achievements in research on thermal comfort and ventilation in the aspect of providing people with appropriate conditions in different types of buildings—semi-systematic review.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
649 results
Radiant floor cooling for giant European shopping centre
Dolce Vita Tejo, one of Europe's largest European shopping centres, located near Lisbon, Portugal, will use under-floor radiant cooling for its 423000 m² surface, 300 shops and 9000 parking spaces. In such a vast space, indoor climate would...
UK younger shoppers neglect their freezers
Freezers across the UK are ‘neglected’, ‘under-used’ and ‘under-appreciated’, with younger shoppers dubbing them ‘graveyards’ for food that is soon to go off, according to the latest consumer research from IGD ShopperVista.
Doors on supermarket refrigerators inhibit shoppers
A shopping research company from the UK studied the impact that doors on supermarket refrigerators have on consumers' behaviour.
USA: Impact of online grocery shopping on cold storage demand
The evolution of shopping habits may demand cold storage space optimization in the US.
Launching of the ROCA project for sustainable cooling in francophone African countries
From 2021 to 2024, the ROCA project aims to promote sustainable and energy-efficient cooling in four French-speaking African countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal....
Cryogenic testing on the successor of Hubble Telescope
NASA engineers completed final cryogenic testing on James Webb Space Telescope a few months ago.
Cooling the ATST solar telescope
The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), currently under construction on the Pacific island of Maui, will be the world’s largest solar telescope, able to provide the sharpest views ever taken of the solar surface
Cryo-electron microscopy wins the 2017 chemistry Nobel Prize
On October 2017, Jacques Dubochet (Switzerland), Joachim Frank (USA) and Richard Henderson (UK) were awarded the chemistry Nobel Prize for cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM).
Focus on COP 26
The Conference of the Parties (COP) 26 was held in Glasgow (UK) from 31 October to 13 November 2021. Its results, while not seeming spectacular, nevertheless reflect important developments that should be noted,...
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope
Cryogenic testing has now been completed for the final 6 primary mirror segments and a secondary mirror that will fly on NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope.
Carbon dioxide snow to clean spatial telescope
An interesting method to keep the Webb Space Telescope mirror, seven times larger than Hubble, spotless.
News from Copenhagen
The COP-15 Conference on Climate Change is finished. In spite of numerous lengthy discussions, no real progress has been made towards future agreements. Far more Heads of States were present and delivering statements than at past United Nations...
Cryogenic applications: Cooling largest outer-space telescope
In his presentation on cryogenics applications at the IIR-AFF centenary conference in Paris (see Focus), Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR's Section A, mentioned cryogenic detectors of cosmic signals and cited Herschel probe as an example. The...
COP 27 at Sharm Al Sheikh
The IIR at the COP 27: side event was organised by the IIR with the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA). Didier Coulomb gave a statement at the high-level session.
Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy
A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.
IIR news
410 results
5th FRISBEE workshop
The 5th FRISBEE workshop held on August 28-30, 2012 in Trondheim, Norway, provided an opportunity for the partners of this 4-year project funded by the European Union to present the latest results and to plan work for the following 6 months.
1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction
1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Antony, France, on April 6-7, 2009. Contact helene.macchi@cemagref.fr to register and present a paper
The proceedings CD-ROM of the 3rd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Valencia are on sale!
The proceedings CD-ROM comprising 8 plenary presentations, 13 papers, and 2 industrial PowerPoint presentations are on sale on the IIR's Web site (Publications/Bookshop section)
New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”
With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...
Ozone to Cool Zone: IIR Workshops at COP 28
Join the five IIR workshops at COP28 set to highlight innovative refrigeration solutions for a sustainable future.
CLIM’ECO workshop in Guadeloupe
For the third time, the IIR, the Guadeloupe Union of Refrigeration Installers (SYGIF) and GazDom Guadeloupe organised the CLIM’ECO program awareness workshop.
Don't miss the FRISBEE workshop at ICCC2014
On the afternoon of the 23rd June, the IIR will organize a FRISBEE Project a workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014) at Twickenham College, London, UK.
ASHRAE 2023 “Women in RACHP” workshop
At the ASHRAE 2023 winter conference and exhibition in Atlanta, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) Working Group organised a workshop on “Women in RACHP”.
IIR Congress 2023: Which workshop will you attend?
Did you know that there are 21 specialist workshops scheduled to take place at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration? Discover them here and book your seat today!
I-SWG workshop at Delft Days Magnetocaloric Conference
Workshop organised by the IIR Industrial Sub-Working Group (I-SWG) on Magnetic refrigeration
COOL-SAVE Workshop on July 10, 2014 in Lleida, Spain
On July 10, 2014, the COOL-SAVE consortium will hold an workshop at the Lleida Commerce and Industry Chamber in Spain.
IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials
Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...
Propose a workshop and be part of ICR 2023
Do you have an idea for a workshop you would like to organise during the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023? Share it with the international refrigeration community.
CLIM'ECO workshop in Guadeloupe with skipper Victor Jost
CLIM'ECO ambassador and Route du Rhum skipper Victor Jost arrived in Guadeloupe on 28th November. The next day, a CLIM'ECO workshop was organised by the SIGF (Guadeloupean refrigeration workers'...
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
15 results
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Events
4 results
IIR event
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
Find out more
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
