Search results

Modelling the interaction of storage temperature, pH, and water activity on the growth behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and pasteurised semi-soft rind washed milk cheese during storage following ripening.

• Author(s) : TIWARI U., WALSH D., RIVAS L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Raw food, Pasteurization, Ripening (cheese), Listeria, Temperature, Storage, Ph, Modelling, Growth, Cheese, Water
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 42

IIR document

Active control of supercooling degree by amphoteric surfactants showing cationicity under voltage application.

• Author(s) : DAIKI T., KENTO M., YUTA K., ISAMU M., KOJI M.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Surfactant, Adsorption, Mixture, Expérimentation, Supercooling, Ph
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Estudio de la vida útil de dorada fresca almacenada en hielo con aceites esenciales encapsulados.

Study of shelf-life of fresh seabream stored in crushed ice including encapsulated essential oils.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A., ROS-CHUMILLAS M., NAVARRO SEGURA L., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Ice, Microbiology, Fish, Ph, Oil, Expérimentation, Encapsulation, Storage life
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental studies on thermal and rheological properties of Al2O3–ethylene glycol nanofluid.

• Author(s) : KRISHNAKUMAR T. S., VISWANATH S. P., SAJIN M. V., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal conductivity, Thermal analysis, Surfactant, Rheology, Alumina, Ph, Nanofluid, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 89
• Formats : PDF

Efecto de la fermentación controlada y la aplicación de frio en la obtención de col ácida de alta calidad.

Effect of controlled fermentation and cooling on the processing of high quality acid cabbage.

• Author(s) : JÁCOME SILVA L. G., SÁNCHEZ-RUBIO M., TABOADA-RODRÍGUEZ A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Storage suitability, Cabbage, Microbiology, Agricultural application, Ph, Fermentation, Expérimentation
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Fault diagnosis of a vapor compression refrigeration system with hermetic reciprocating compressor based on p-h diagram.

• Author(s) : KOCYIGIT N., BULGURCU H., LIN C. X.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 45
• Formats : PDF

Advances in cryochemistry: mechanisms, reactions and applications.

• Author(s) : AN L.-Y., DAI Z., DI B., XU L.-L.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Chemistry, Freezing, Review, Chemical reaction, Low temperature, Cryogenics, Cryotemperature, Environment, Antibiotic, Pollutant, Cold chain, Drug, Ph
• Source: Molecules - 26 - 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of immersion freezing methods on water holding capacity, ice crystals and water migration in grass carp during frozen storage.

• Author(s) : DIAO Y., CHENG X., WANG L., XIA W.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Carp, Thawing, Frozen food, Immersion, Freezing, Ice, Crystal, Water holding, Water content, Expérimentation, Ph, Storage life
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of long-term storage, ultra-low temperature, and freshness on the quality characteristics of frozen tuna meat.

• Author(s) : NAKAZAWA N., WADA R., FUKUSHIMA H., TANAKA R., KONO S., OKAZAKI E.
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

New tap water heat pump using propane refrigerant.

• Author(s) : PEDERSEN P. H., VONSILD A.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Survival of Salmonella spp. on surface-inoculated forced-air cooled and hydrocooled intact strawberries, and in strawberry puree.

• Author(s) : SREEDHARAN A., TOKARSKYY O., SARGENT S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 51

Distributed model for analysis of the transient fluid refrigerant flow along tube-fin evaporators.

• Author(s) : NEVES PIMENTA P. H., SEIXLACK A. L.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : English
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Combined effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and chitosan on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory attributes of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) during refrigerated storage.

• Author(s) : XU G., TANG X., TANG S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 46

Influence of accurate ice temperature on quality of fresh beef during storage.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : GUAN W., XU L., LIU J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 164
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study of intelligent antibacterial and antioxidant poly(vinyl) alcohol film on the fresh-keeping effect and quality dynamic monitoring of Pseudosciaena crocea.

• Author(s) : TANG Z. - P., CHEN C.-W., XIE J., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

HFCs: diverging opinions regarding phase-out/phase-down

A report prepared by Michael Kauffeld for the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) outlines a timetable specifying dates by which the use of HFCs could be banned in new equipment for each refrigeration and air-conditioning sub-sector, with a...

• Publication date : 2012/09/06

“Loophole” in the US HCFC-22 phase-out plan

Five of the leading US air-conditioning manufacturers - Carrier, Daikin/McQuay, Trane, Johnson Controls and Lennox - wrote on August 15, 2011 to the EPA calling for an amendment to the Final Rule published at the end of 2009 which "bans the sale...

• Publication date : 2012/01/12
• Subjects: Regulation

Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products

Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

Jordan phases out CFCs one year ahead of schedule

Jordan’s national programme for phasing out the use of CFCs, which aimed at disposing 1500 tonnes of these refrigerants was achieved one year ahead of schedule.

• Publication date : 2012/08/21
• Subjects: Regulation

Lyophilisation market

The global market for lyophilisation (also known as freeze-drying) is projected to be worth USD 3.26 billion in 2015, spurred by the strong growth of new drugs and efforts to increase clinical approval.

• Publication date : 2015/06/29

The bio-pharma cold chain

According to Pharmaceutical Commerce’s 2016 Biopharma Cold Chain Sourcebook, spending on refrigerated (2–8°C) drugs is growing about 7% annually, or 41% during the 2014–2020 period.

• Publication date : 2016/10/13

Phase change materials in domestic fridges

The application of phase-change materials (PCMs) in domestic refrigerators could be a novel solution to improve appliance thermal stability and efficiency.

• Publication date : 2014/05/05

Cold chain self-assessment for pharmacists

The cold chain is becoming pharmacy’s new challenge. There are an increasing number of health products to be kept at controlled temperatures and regulatory requirements have been reinforced.

• Publication date : 2013/09/12

Phare Tower

Morphosis's Phare (Lighthouse) Tower is to go up in La Défense, France. Thom Mayne, the Design Director, describes the future landmark building as follows: "Moving around the tower, it appears to shift continually, distinct from different vantage...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Lyophilization equipment and services market

New market report published by Transparency Market Research indicates the global lyophilization equipment and services market valued at USD 2.73 billion in 2013.

• Publication date : 2014/11/26

Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples

Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.

• Publication date : 2014/03/21

National Geographic Society sets an example with green headquarters

The National Geographic Society is saving 8 to 11% on energy costs, amounting to USD 300 000 per year, following energy efficiency and water conservation upgrades to its headquarters in Washington DC. The Society’s 100-year-old building...

• Publication date : 2011/08/05

A technical day to present the evolutions of the Certicold Pharma label

On March 22, 2017, the CEMAFROID group gathered health stakeholders for a technical day dedicated to the Certicold Pharma label.

• Publication date : 2017/04/10
• Subjects: Regulation

Phase-change materials result in huge cost savings

Phase-change materials (PCMs) are being used in a new building for the molecular engineering department of the University of Washington, in Seattle. The 7150 m² building has PCMs encapsulated in its wall and ceiling panels, and the expectation is...

• Publication date : 2012/08/14

HCFC phase-out is moving forward

China launched in December 2011 the HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP), a USD 270 million project for complete phase-out of use of HCFCs by January 2015.

• Publication date : 2012/07/26
• Subjects: Regulation

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment, HFCs alternatives, Technology

ATMOsphere Europe Summit 2021 to Address EU’s Phase Down of Super-Polluting Refrigerants

The replacement of HFCs with natural refrigerants is among the topics at the online event on September 28-29.

• Publication date : 2021/09/01

New IIR Publication: Bibliography on CO2

Bibliography on CO2: 2004-2006 references and abstracts This CD-ROM contains the bibliographical references and summaries of over 200 recent articles on CO2 and its various applications in the fields of refrigeration, air conditioning and heat...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Appointments: Dr Philippe Lebrun

Dr Philippe Lebrun was awarded an honorary doctorate by Wroclaw University of Technology (Poland), where he was invited to deliver the inaugural lecture of the academic year 2007-2008, entitled "Advanced technology from and for basic science:...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Philippe Lebrun received the Mendelssohn Award.

Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR’s General Conference, received the prestigious Mendelssohn Award conferred by the International Cryogenic Engineering Committee on March 11, 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/03/16

New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry

This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Briefs: Karl Stephan

Professor Karl Stephan, former President of Commission B1 and Head of Section B, and member of the Management Committee of the IIR, celebrated his 80th birthday in November 2010. The IIR, along with many national and international organizations,...

• Publication date : 2011/05/20

PhD student recruitment

PhD Studentship for 36 months for a subject concerning Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Machines, Theory, Modelling and Experiments): We are looking to recruit a PhD student in the area of magnetic refrigeration (thermal and fluid...

• Publication date : 2010/09/30

Conference reports: ATMOsphere 2010

The IIR-co-sponsored Conference ATMOsphere 2010 took place in Brussels on September 27-28, 2010. 170 persons from 30 countries attended. Speakers, from the industry or public organizations, particularly European ones, expressed their desire to...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Philippe Lebrun awarded the Samuel C. Collins Award

Philippe Lebrun, President of IIR Section A “Cryogenics and liquefied gases” and member of the IIR Management Committee, has just received the prestigious Samuel C. Collins Award.

• Publication date : 2015/07/10

Philippe Lebrun to be awarded the Kamerlingh Onnes Medal of Honour

The Kamerlingh Onnes Medal of Honour will be presented to Dr Philippe Lebrun of CERN during the 10th-IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids to be held in Delft, the Netherlands on June 25-27, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/05/16

Cryogenics and Low-Temperature Physics: New Horizons and Challenges

This Focus written by Ralf Herzog*, President of the IIR’s Cryophysics, Cryoengineering commission (Commission A1) for the Newsletter of the IIR is the third in a series of presentations of the activities and hot research topics handled by the...

• Publication date : 2012/09/21

Briefs: Philippe Lebrun is “Engineer of the Year”

Philippe Lebrun, a member of the Management Committee of the IIR and Head of Section A of the IIR (Cryology and Gas Processing), was awarded the "Prix Ingénieur de l'Année 2010" in the "Science" category, by the French magazine Usine...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR partnership in two new EU-funded projects: SophiA and ENOUGH

In October, the IIR participated in two kick-off meetings of newly granted European projects SophiA and ENOUGH, which officially started on October 1, 2021. Both projects are funded by the European Union’s...

• Publication date : 2021/10/28

4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event

The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...

• Publication date : 2013/08/12

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/06/09
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids