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IIR document

Temperature-dependency on adhesion force of ice made from surfactant–pure water mixture to copper surface.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., MINAMIYA K., SAKAMOTO J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 79
• Formats : PDF

Survival of Salmonella spp. on surface-inoculated forced-air cooled and hydrocooled intact strawberries, and in strawberry puree.

• Author(s) : SREEDHARAN A., TOKARSKYY O., SARGENT S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 51

IIR document

Experimental investigation on the supercooling effect of fluids confined in non-metallic vessels using pure water and silicon carbide.

• Author(s) : GUND S., KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Parametric study of vapour production in parabolic trough solar collectors under a counter-current two-phase flow configuration: pure substance.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ R., LECUONA A., NOGUEIRA-GORIBA J. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : English
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Pure refrigerant lubrication technology in oil-free centrifugal compressors.

• Author(s) : MORALES-ESPEJEL G. E., HAULEITNER R., WALLIN H. H.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance comparison of pure, binary and ternary refrigerants considering different systems.

• Author(s) : ZHAO X., GUO J., HE M.
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 155
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Viscosity prediction for six pure refrigerants using different artificial neural networks.

• Author(s) : ZHI L. H., HU P., CHEN L. X., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

Thermodynamic comparison of organic Rankine cycle using pure working fluid and mixtures.

• Author(s) : ZHAI X., HE D., YU Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Chebyshev expansions empower faster and more precise pure fluid thermodynamic property calculations.

• Author(s) : BELL I.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Nucleate boiling of pure and quasi-azeotropic refrigerants from copper coated surfaces.

• Author(s) : DEWANGAN A. K., KUMAR A., KUMAR R.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

An update on the thermophysical properties data available for pure low GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : FEDELE L., BOBBO S., MENEGAZZO D.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Estimating the viscosity of pure refrigerants and their mixtures by free-volume theory.

• Author(s) : HE M., QI X., LIU X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 54
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Flammability classification and advantages of CO2/propane over pure CO2 in cooling systems.

• Author(s) : PAEZ A., BALLOT-MIGUET B., TOBALY P.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modeling surface tension of pure refrigerants using feed-forward back-propagation neural networks.

• Author(s) : NABIPOUR M., KESHAVARZ P.
• Publication date: 2017/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 75
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Condensation and evaporation of pure refrigerant flowing in small diameter micro-fin tubes.

• Author(s) : BASHAR M. K., NAKAMURA K., KARIYA K., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

A study assesses alternative mixtures to two pure hydrocarbon refrigerants

An article reviews more than 11,000 mixtures of refrigerants that could be interesting alternatives to pure R290 and R600a.

• Publication date : 2020/02/05

Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.

A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying

• Publication date : 2012/08/28

Some advice for prolonging water chiller life.

Brent Hall, a temperature control specialist, gives six water treatment tips for lasting chillers performances.

• Publication date : 2017/03/07

The lifetime cost of a magnetic refrigerator

A research paper published in the International Journal of Refrigeration demonstrates the lifetime cost of a magnetic refrigerator.

• Publication date : 2016/08/10

USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals

In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.

• Publication date : 2014/12/04

Supercooling and superchilling to increase the shelf life and reduce food waste

Superchilling and supercooling have enormous potential to enable safe, high quality and long term storage of foods without the consumer perceived detrimental effects of freezing.

• Publication date : 2016/01/22

Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life

A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

The California Air Resources Board approves plan for reducing short-lived climate pollutants, including HFCs

In a statement released on March 23, 2017 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced its approval of a plan to curb short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs).

• Publication date : 2017/04/02
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”

Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector. 

• Publication date : 2024/09/19

Edible carrot films display food packaging potential

Barrier properties exhibited by carrot-based edible films demonstrate potential for their use as packaging for a variety of food types, according to recent research from China.

• Publication date : 2011/12/27

Lyophilisation market

The global market for lyophilisation (also known as freeze-drying) is projected to be worth USD 3.26 billion in 2015, spurred by the strong growth of new drugs and efforts to increase clinical approval.

• Publication date : 2015/06/29

Black Vanilla Ice Cream.

An ice cream made from pure virgin coconut shell activated charcoal.

• Publication date : 2017/02/15

Fake refrigerants cause havoc

A series of reefer explosions could have been caused by impure refrigerants

• Publication date : 2012/03/19

Ionic liquids in combination with CO2: promising technology?

A group of scientists at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, are now working on utilizing novel ionic liquids – pure salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures – in tandem with CO2.

• Publication date : 2013/12/03

Improving cooling towers' efficiency

An article published in Water Technology provides information on cooling towers and their operation.

• Publication date : 2018/01/19

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: General information

The IIR is seeking a Communication Manager

The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris preferably a English-mother-tongue Communication Manager, with fluent French, who will manage the IIR’s communication policy and conferences.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director

The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

The IIR is seeking an Information Officer

The IIR is seeking an Information Officer for its Scientific and Technical Information Department comprising 4 persons. The position is available immediately.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

New European projects for the IIR

In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.

• Publication date : 2016/02/24

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

The IIR remains a key partner in European refrigeration projects

In line with its international activities, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is currently a partner of three European research projects focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technology.

• Publication date : 2018/10/08

IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance

The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2016/01/27

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: Technology, General information

IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy

Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.

• Publication date : 2014/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Don't miss the FRISBEE workshop at ICCC2014

On the afternoon of the 23rd June, the IIR will organize a FRISBEE Project a workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014) at Twickenham College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/05/20

IIR Congress 2023: Submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” before May 31

You have just over a month to submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2023/04/25
• Subjects: General information

The CLIM’ECO programme kicks off

Supported by the French government and as part of the energy saving certificates scheme, the CLIM'ECO programme aims to reduce and optimise the energy consumption of air conditioning in the French Overseas Departments.

• Publication date : 2020/04/01
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology, Environment

IIR Congress 2023: You can submit an abstract again thanks to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovations”

Here’s your chance to submit an abstract to the innovative session on “Work in progress & Innovations” at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023. Submit an abstract from...

• Publication date : 2022/10/26
• Subjects: Technology, Environment, General information

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)