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IIR document
Effect of static and oscillating magnetic fields on the freezing kinetics of water and tomato puree.
Temperature-dependency on adhesion force of ice made from surfactant–pure water mixture to copper surface.
Experimental investigation on the supercooling effect of fluids confined in non-metallic vessels using pure water and silicon carbide.
Parametric study of vapour production in parabolic trough solar collectors under a counter-current two-phase flow configuration: pure substance.
Pure refrigerant lubrication technology in oil-free centrifugal compressors.
Performance comparison of pure, binary and ternary refrigerants considering different systems.
Viscosity prediction for six pure refrigerants using different artificial neural networks.
Thermodynamic comparison of organic Rankine cycle using pure working fluid and mixtures.
Chebyshev expansions empower faster and more precise pure fluid thermodynamic property calculations.
Nucleate boiling of pure and quasi-azeotropic refrigerants from copper coated surfaces.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
An update on the thermophysical properties data available for pure low GWP refrigerants.
Flammability classification and advantages of CO2/propane over pure CO2 in cooling systems.
Modeling surface tension of pure refrigerants using feed-forward back-propagation neural networks.
Condensation and evaporation of pure refrigerant flowing in small diameter micro-fin tubes.
Techno-economic optimization of high-temperature heat pumps using pure fluids and binary mixtures.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
106 results
A study assesses alternative mixtures to two pure hydrocarbon refrigerants
An article reviews more than 11,000 mixtures of refrigerants that could be interesting alternatives to pure R290 and R600a.
Gallo-Roman craft restored thanks to freeze drying.
A 32-m barge weighing 30 tonnes that sank in the Rhone around 50 AD 30 tonnes is being restored thanks to the use of polyethylene glycol, followed by freeze drying
Some advice for prolonging water chiller life.
Brent Hall, a temperature control specialist, gives six water treatment tips for lasting chillers performances.
The lifetime cost of a magnetic refrigerator
A research paper published in the International Journal of Refrigeration demonstrates the lifetime cost of a magnetic refrigerator.
Supercooling and superchilling to increase the shelf life and reduce food waste
Superchilling and supercooling have enormous potential to enable safe, high quality and long term storage of foods without the consumer perceived detrimental effects of freezing.
USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals
In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.
Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life
A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.
The California Air Resources Board approves plan for reducing short-lived climate pollutants, including HFCs
In a statement released on March 23, 2017 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced its approval of a plan to curb short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs).
Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”
Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector.
Edible carrot films display food packaging potential
Barrier properties exhibited by carrot-based edible films demonstrate potential for their use as packaging for a variety of food types, according to recent research from China.
Lyophilisation market
The global market for lyophilisation (also known as freeze-drying) is projected to be worth USD 3.26 billion in 2015, spurred by the strong growth of new drugs and efforts to increase clinical approval.
Black Vanilla Ice Cream.
An ice cream made from pure virgin coconut shell activated charcoal.
Fake refrigerants cause havoc
A series of reefer explosions could have been caused by impure refrigerants
Ionic liquids in combination with CO2: promising technology?
A group of scientists at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, are now working on utilizing novel ionic liquids – pure salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures – in tandem with CO2.
Improving cooling towers' efficiency
An article published in Water Technology provides information on cooling towers and their operation.
IIR news
37 results
Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?
If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.
New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs.
INDEE3 Workshop in Kochi Showcases Natural Refrigerant Systems for the Seafood Industry
The INDEE3 project promotes the adoption of natural refrigerants in India while strengthening lifecycle refrigerant management practices. Through demonstration activities, knowledge transfer, and practical guidance,...
Refrigeration for better food and a better future
The IIR celebrates World Food Day 2025 and FAO’s 80th Anniversary by highlighting the importance of refrigeration to maintain food quality, aligned with the event’s theme “Hand-in-Hand for Better Food and a...
The IIR is seeking a Communication Manager
The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris preferably a English-mother-tongue Communication Manager, with fluent French, who will manage the IIR’s communication policy and conferences.
The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director
The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.
The IIR is seeking an Information Officer
The IIR is seeking an Information Officer for its Scientific and Technical Information Department comprising 4 persons. The position is available immediately.
New European projects for the IIR
In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.
The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration
In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.
The IIR remains a key partner in European refrigeration projects
In line with its international activities, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is currently a partner of three European research projects focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technology.
IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance
The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.
The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine
Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...
Don't miss the FRISBEE workshop at ICCC2014
On the afternoon of the 23rd June, the IIR will organize a FRISBEE Project a workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014) at Twickenham College, London, UK.
IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy
Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.
IIR Congress 2023: Submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” before May 31
You have just over a month to submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
10 results
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
