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IIR document

New proposals for ventilation rates in machine rooms.

• Author(s) : PACHAI A. C., HANSEN T. P.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Prediction of drying rate during frozen storage of cooked rice utilizing novel method of measuring adsorption isotherm.

• Author(s) : YAMADA R., FUKAZAWA T., WATANABE M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison of heat exchange rates between straight and slinky horizontal ground heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : SELAMAT S., MIYARA A., KARIYA K.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Effect of cryoprotectant on optimal cooling rate during cryopreservation.

• Author(s) : DEVISMITA D., KUMAR A.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryoprotectant, Cooling rate, Cell, Optimization, Cryopreservation
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 70 - n. 1

Cooling rates of fruits and vegetables.

• Author(s) : SAQUET A., BARBOSA A., ALMEIDA D.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Precooling, Cooling rate, Heat transfer, Parameter, Vegetable, Horticulture, Expérimentation, Fruit
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on CO2 bubble absorption and visualization in nanofluids.

• Author(s) : LEE J. W., LEE J. H., KANG Y. T.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on the cooling rate of a new type of oocyte carriers.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LI W., WANG L., LIU B., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Cooling rate, Cell, Liquid nitrogen, Oocyte, Expérimentation, Cryopreservation
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 437 - n. 168
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Empirical models for efficiency and mass flow rate of centrifugal compressors.

• Author(s) : FANG X., CHEN W., ZHOU Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Efficiency, Performance, Model, Flow rate, Centrifugal compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 41
• Formats : PDF

Effects of different freezing rates on the characteristics of vegetable soybean during frozen storage.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHAO F., ZHANG X., JING H., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Freezing rate, Quick freezing, Soya, Expérimentation, Cold storage
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 165
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on the effect of oil circulation rate on the performance of reciprocating refrigeration compressor.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG F., MI X., MU G., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Performance, Oil, Expérimentation, Flow rate, Reciprocating compressor
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 157
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

From vial to multiwell - Controlled rate freezing in a convective environment.

• Author(s) : REINSCH H., KRETSCHMER R., SPOERL G.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquid nitrogen, Biological material, Freezing rate, Gasification, Development, Cryopreservation, Freezer
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

A critical analysis of the characterization of scroll compressors mass flow rate.

• Author(s) : MARCHANTE-AVELLANEDA J., CORBERÁN J. M., NAVARRO-PERIS E., SHRESTHA S.
• Publication date: 2021/01/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Scroll compressor, Modelling, Flow rate, Refrigerant, Performance, Mass, Correlation
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas and freezing rate on the microbiological quality of frozen blueberries.

• Author(s) : ZHANG L., YAN Z., HANSON E. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Chlorine, Blueberry, Freezing rate, Microbiological quality, Freezing
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 47

Research on oil circulation rate of CO2 inverter rotary compressor.

• Author(s) : LI L., SUN M.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2, Rotary compressor, Oil, Simulation, CFD, Flow rate, Thermodynamic property, R744, Modelling
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 25^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Conductividad térmica del hielo en función de la temperatura, la velocidad de congelación, el gas disuelto y la presencia de campos electromagnéticos.

Ice thermal conductivity depending on the temperature, the freezing rate, the dissolved gas and the presence of magnetic fields.

• Author(s) : BONALES L. J., RODRÍGUEZ A. C., SANZ P. D.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Thermal conductivity, Ice, Freezing rate, Temperature, Expérimentation
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Adoption rates of transcritical CO2 in European supermarkets vary considerably

Shecco, a group promoting natural refrigerants, recently published “Guide 2012: Natural Refrigerants – Market Growth for Europe”, that seems to reveal a large difference in the adoption rates of transcritical CO2 between European countries.

• Publication date : 2012/07/09

Figuring out frozen food growth rates in Europe

According to Swiss research firm Food for Thought (FFT), European frozen food consumption in 2012 (14,456 million tonnes) is up 14% from 2010 (12,663 million in 2010).

• Publication date : 2013/02/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Brazil: 94.5% employability rate for trained professionals in the refrigeration sector

The refrigeration course offered by the SENAI, the National Service of Industrial Learning in Brazil, has a 94.5% employability rate for its graduates.

• Publication date : 2024/11/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Refrigerated warehouse capacity and urban development

Among other data, the 2012 IARW Global Cold Storage Capacity Report focuses on the relationship between refrigerated warehouse capacities and urban population levels.

• Publication date : 2013/05/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Refrigerated storage trends

Several cold store building projects illustrate trends currently observed in the refrigerated storage field: - by building in Harnes the largest cold store in France, frozen chip producer Mc Cain intends to house under one roof in April 2010 its...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Urban cooling strategies

A report provides practical guidance to optimise development projects to moderate urban microclimates in major urban centres in Australia.

• Publication date : 2018/01/16

Integrated CO2-CHP system

Brunel - a UK University - and 14 industrial partners in the commercial refrigeration sector have presented an innovative integrated energy system which has been designed to meet the needs of medium and large supermarkets and can be tailored to...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Refrigerated transport: truckers’ Delight

North American truckers are set to upgrade their equipment in line with new regulations and due to strong consumer demands for better food safety. The FDA's hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) system decrees that shippers and...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

The International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses

The International Association of Refrigerated Warehouses has just published a top 20 list of public warehouse facilities rated according to available refrigerated space. The total combined space of these international top 20 members of IARW is...

• Publication date : 2005/09/30

Modern technology permits economical refrigerated shipments

The number of refrigerated shipments, and thus the number of refrigerated containers, has risen worldwide in recent years. Hamburg Süd is optimizing the use of cooling energy and will reduce the energy consumption of its reefer containers by 15%...

• Publication date : 2013/06/27

Autonomous systems for refrigerated transport

The refrigerated transport sector is looking for solutions to reduce fuel consumption, refrigerant emissions and noise emissions. - Autonomous systems cooled by cryogenic secondary coolants offer alternatives. A system developed in Germany uses...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Fuel-cell-based system for refrigerated transport

According to researchers* from the National Renewable Energy Centre in Sarriguren, Spain, hydrogen fuel cells could offer a solution for refrigerated transport.

• Publication date : 2013/05/07

Markets: Refrigerated road transport: facts and figures

According to a recent TechNavio Insights study on the UK refrigerated road transport market study, the estimated total number of refrigerated road transport vehicles in the UK, in 2008, was around 140@000. Of these, 43% (60@000) were vans and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

A Refrigerated Noah’s ark

Svalbard Global Seed Vault, on the Norwegian island of Spitzbergen, which has officially opened on February 26, 2008, is designed to be a fail-safe repository for the world's food crops. It has the capacity to store up to 4.5 million seed samples...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

IIR corporate members news: Picard

Picard, a corporate member of the IIR specialized in innovative, high-quality frozen foods, is expanding fast. With 150 new stores opened over the past few years, Picard now has 569 stores in France and 45 in Italy. BC Partners recently took over...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

ICCC2022 - early bird rate ending soon

Only seven days left to take advantage of early bird rates for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2022).

• Publication date : 2022/02/18
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment, HFCs alternatives

FRIDOC: Our conference proceedings at very advantageous rate for members!

From March 1, the price of IIR conference proceedings will increase, but members will benefit from a very attractive discount! 

• Publication date : 2023/02/17

Corporate members: news

- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Corporate members: news

Founded in 2003, Playcube SARL, a new IIR corporate member based in France, has developed FreezCube, a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods stored in freezers: FreezCube confirms that the...

• Publication date : 2008/06/05

Corporate Members: news

- Danfoss has experienced booming sales 18% growth over the first three quarters of 2007. Sales reached 2.2 billion €. Growth in China and Latin America was particularly positive and end of year sales are expected to top 3 billion €.

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

IIR Corporate members: briefs

- Air Liquide's new LENOXeTM anaesthetic drug was recently presented at the European Congress of Anaesthesiology in Munich, Germany. It is due for commercial release in 12 European countries by the end of 2007. LENOXeTM is based on xenon (Xe), an...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Activities of the IIR’s Commission D2 on Refrigerated Transport

The role of the IIR is well recognized worldwide, and in particular the expertise of the members of Commission D2 makes an important contribution to refrigerated transport issues: avoiding the wastage of food and the minimizing of emissions.

• Publication date : 2013/07/01

New IIR publications: Guide to Refrigerated Transport

A completely revised version of the IIR Guide to Refrigerated Transport will be published late 2009. The purpose of this book prepared by Robert Heap and other IIR experts is to provide all necessary basic information on the transport of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Corporate and private membership of the IIR

If you're already a member, you will be aware of your member benefits. If you're not, here's a glimpse: private members get a free subscription to the International Journal of Refrigeration or the Bulletin of the IIR and corporate members get...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

New IIR publications: Guide to Refrigerated Transport

This new edition is a greatly extended and fully updated version of the first edition published in 1995 and enables readers to come to grips with the latest technology and trends. This book provides all necessary basic information on the transport...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Activities of the IIR’s Commission on Refrigerated Storage and the IIR’s international partnerships

The activity of Commission D1, Refrigerated Storage, is involved in the links with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Within these partnerships, major projects are being...

• Publication date : 2012/07/04

IIR's Annual Meeting: New Leadership and Strategic Direction for Sustainable Refrigeration

The IIR's June statutory meetings were very productive in terms of strategy and internal organisation. Here is a brief overview of the main outcomes.

• Publication date : 2024/06/27

New IIR publication: Latest Developments in Refrigerated Storage, Transportation and Display of Food Products

The proceedings of Latest Developments in Refrigerated Storage, Transportation and Display of Food Products, an IIR conference involving Commissions C2, D1 with D2, held in Amman, Jordan, on March 28-30, 2005 comprise 24 papers. within the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants – early bird rate closing soon!

The early bird rate for the 1st IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants is scheduled to end in a few days. Book today to secure a place at this breakthrough conference !

• Publication date : 2018/06/28

IIR Seminar in Tunis brings to the forefront the social and economic strategic importance of the cold chain

Recognising the social and economic importance of this issue on a global scale, the IIR organised a seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries on October 25, 2016 in Tunis (Tunisia),...

• Publication date : 2016/12/14

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)