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Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2024). Proceedings. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, August 11-14 2024

• Organiser : IIF-IIR, Center for Environmental Energy Engineering
• Publication date: 2024/08
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

2014 annual US & global geothermal power production report.

• Author(s) : Geothermal Energy Association
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (equipment), Geothermy, Energy, Economy, Statistics, Production, World, USA

IIR document

Evaluation of a transcritical CO2 supermarket refrigeration system for he USA market.

• Author(s) : SHARMA V., FRICKE B., BANSAL P., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Comparison, R744, Supermarket, Performance, USA, Transcritical cycle, CO2
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CO2 supermarket refrigeration systems for southeast Asia and the USA.

• Author(s) : SHARMA V., FRICKE B., BANSAL P.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R744, Asia, R404A, Supermarket, Performance, Cascade system, GWP, USA, Transcritical cycle, CO2
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Industrial High Temperature Heat Pumps – Ongoing Research in the USA.

• Author(s) : AMARNATH A., VAIRAMOHAN B.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Chemical industry, Industrial application, Paper, Waste heat, Heat recovery, Design, Prototype, Low GWP, USA
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

The HVACR Workforce: demand heats up as supply melts away. A projection of the coming shortfall of HVACR workers and how to fix it. 

• Author(s) : The HVACR Workforce Development Foundation
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Training, Statistics, Prediction, USA
• Formats : PDF

Lessons learned: ASHRAE’s approach in the refurbishment of historic and existing buildings.

• Author(s) : PHOENIX T.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Recommendation, USA, Energy efficiency, Retrofitting
• Source: 49^th AiCARR International Conference. Historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality.
• Formats : PDF

Energy savings with every alteration: lessons learned in Seattle from 30 years of experience of applying energy standards to historic and existing buildings.

• Author(s) : HOGAN J.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Building, Deterioration, USA, Energy saving
• Source: 49^th AiCARR International Conference. Historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality.
• Formats : PDF

2017 standard for specifications for refrigerant.

• Author(s) : AHRI
• Publication date: 2017
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Zeotropic mixture, Mixture, USA, Refrigerant
• Formats : PDF

Normalizace a odlucovací schopnosti filtru pro všeobecné vetrání.

Standardization and separation capabilities of filters for general ventilation.

• Author(s) : HEMERKA J., VYBÍRAL P.
• Publication date: 2018/02
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Standardization, Filter, Ventilation, Air, Performance, Europe, USA, ISO
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 27 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

The US merchant CO2 report: expanding opportunities in refrigeration.

• Author(s) : GARVEY M. D.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R744, Storage, Market, USA, Refrigerant, Distribution, CO2
• Source: CryoGas International

Recommended by the IIR

Implications of increasing household air conditioning use across the United States under a warming climate.

• Author(s) : OBRINGER R., NATEGHI R., MAIA-SILVA D., MUKHERJEE S., MCROBERTS D. B., KUMAR R.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioning, Temperature, Global warming, USA, Modelling
• Source: Earth's future. - vol. 10
• Formats : PDF

Classroom ventilation and illness absence in California elementary schools.

• Author(s) : MENDELL M. J., ELISEEVA E. A., DAVIES M. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Measurement, Ventilation, Air change, Health, USA, School
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 51 - n. 1

Prevalence and level of Listeria monocytogenes in ice cream linked to a Listeriosis outbreak in the United States.

• Author(s) : CHEN Y., BURALL L. S., MACARISIN D., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microbiology, Listeria, Health, USA, Survey, Ice cream
• Source: Journal of Food Protection - vol. 79 - n. 11

Reducing energy use in older large buildings.

• Author(s) : ARNOLD D.
• Publication date: 2017/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Office, Energy consumption, Building, Case study, USA
• Source: EcoLibrium - vol. 17 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: USA

- The US Department of Energy (DOE) has published on August 31 the first energy efficiency standards for refrigerated vending machines. The new standards take effect in 2012 and over the following 30 years, DOE estimates it will save about 47 TWh...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Cold Train in the USA

Launched in early 2010, the "Cold Train" Pacific Northwest-Chicagoland Express Refrigerated Intermodal Service operates in partnership with BNSF and the Port of Quincy, Washington.

• Publication date : 2013/01/04

Cold storage capacity in the USA

According to the 2012 IARW Cold Storage Report, with 112 million m3, the USA has the largest cold-storage capacity of any single country in the world.

• Publication date : 2013/06/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

USA's largest ground-source heat pump

The conversion of Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, to a geothermal ground-source heat pump, reportedly the largest project of its kind in the USA, has entered its second and final phase.

• Publication date : 2012/07/24

Briefs: CO2 systems Receive Awards in the USA

Three companies developing or using CO2, received awards in the United States in 2010: Kysor/Warren, a company based in Georgia was honoured with the 2009-2010 GreenChill Distinguished Partner Award, from the US Environmental Agency (EPA) for its...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Regulations and use of HFCs in the USA

Under section 608 of the Clean Air Act, it has been illegal since November 15, 1995, to knowingly vent substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants during the maintenance, service, repair and disposal of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment....

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

USA: EPA proposes final phase-out schedule for R22

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently released its proposal for the final phase-out timeline of R22.

• Publication date : 2014/02/25
• Subjects: Regulation

European Union: fall in HFC usage in 2011

According to the recent European Environment Agency (EEA) “Fluorinated greenhouse gases 2011” summary on data reported under the “F-Gas Regulation”, F-gas production (-5% in weight), imports (-6%) and intra-EU sales (-12%) of F-gases fell between...

• Publication date : 2012/12/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Greenhouse gas emissions in the USA

During the 2005-2012 period, US greenhouse gas emissions dropped by 10.0% while HFCs rose by 26.2%.

• Publication date : 2014/08/28

Frozen food market in the USA and Europe

In the USA, frozen food sales came to about USD 53 billion in 2016.

• Publication date : 2018/02/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

US: first propane cold storage system to be installed?

Newark Refrigerated Warehouse plans to install a cold-storage refrigeration using propane in the USA.

• Publication date : 2017/03/22

USA: Update on the high-GWP HFC ban

In January, the U.S. Court of Appeals denied petitions for a rehearing of its ruling on high-GWP HFCs.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada could follow US with HFC bans in certain applications

At the UN Climate Summit held in New York on 23 September, the Canadian Environment Minister, Leona Aglukkaq, announced that the government would soon publish a Notice of Intent to regulate HFCs in-line with the proposals recently published by the...

• Publication date : 2014/10/31
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

USA : new energy efficiency standards for commercial equipment

The US Department of Energy issued draft energy efficiency standards for commercial refrigeration equipment – such as self-contained commercial fridges, freezers, and deli cases – and for walk-in freezers and coolers.

• Publication date : 2013/11/12
• Subjects: Regulation

USA: Impact of online grocery shopping on cold storage demand

The evolution of shopping habits may demand cold storage space optimization in the US.

• Publication date : 2018/06/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Obituary: Aldo Dellacasa

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Dr. Eng. Aldo Dellacasa, who died on August 19, 2018, at the age of 93.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

Available now: All 474 papers from the Purdue Conferences 2018

Welcoming 800 participants from 30 different countries, the 2018 Purdue Conferences took place at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, from July 9 to 12, 2018.

• Publication date : 2019/05/06

News from IIR members: Tecumseh

Tecumseh Products Company opened its new Global Technology Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

• Publication date : 2012/09/11

Second meeting of the IIR Working Party on LCCP Evaluation in Gaithersburg

The second meeting of the IIR Working Party on Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) Evaluation took place at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD, USA.. The minutes of the meeting and other documents can be consulted on the Web page of the working party. The...

• Publication date : 2012/11/12

See you at the 16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants 2024

The next IIR-Gustav Lorentzen conference will take place from 11 to 14 August 2024 at the University of Maryland - College Park (Maryland), USA.

• Publication date : 2023/06/22
• Subjects: Environment, General information, HFCs alternatives

Download the new IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling

Solar cooling may have a very positive environmental impact reducing the usage of fossil fuel, and the technology is almost mature enough to compete with conventional cooling equipment.

• Publication date : 2017/05/15

New IIR members

Here are the private members worldwide who have joined us over the past year. We are very pleased to welcome them. Several members are from countries that are not yet member countries. We also have a lot of new junior members (under 35 years) and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Meeting: Orlando

Didier Coulomb attended the ASHRAE Winter Meeting in Orlando (USA) in February 2005. This important conference and large exhibition for air-conditioning and refrigeration engineers, particularly from the USA, also was the occasion to strengthen...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Corporate members Frigrite Refrigeration Pty, Cheltenham, Australia Grenco Refrigeration Ltd, West Malling, UK Grundfos Management, Bjerringbro, Denmark IIAR, Arlington, USA Sofrigam, Nanterre,...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members - A2 Inc, New York, USA - Grasso Products BV, s'Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands - Hoshizaki Electric Co. Ltd, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan - Parasense Ltd, Gloucester, United Kingdom...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

International events: Des Moines

The 3rd IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (THERMAG III) was held in Des Moines, Iowa, USA on May 11-15, 2009. The conference had three major themes: magnetocaloric materials (40% of papers), theory and...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

UN Climate Change Conference in Bali

- The 13th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, which was also the 3rd meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, took place in Bali, Indonesia, on December 3-14, 2007. More than 10 000 persons attended this event which...

• Publication date : 2008/02/15

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members JBT FoodTech AB, Helsingborg, Sweden Playcube SARL, Paris, France Air Products & Chemicals Inc, Allentown PA, USA Private members Mr Michael Aarup, Denmark Dr Maria...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

The IJR is the most important scientific journal in the field of refrigeration technology. It is a co-publication of Elsevier and the IIR. Eight issues are published each year, with over 15 articles per issue. Certain issues are totally or...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Send in your abstracts to the LNG2023 Conference and Exhibition!

This unique event series focuses on the technical and commercial aspects of the LNG industry, gathering thousands of professionals, numerous exhibitors and the most influential global energy companies all in one...

• Publication date : 2022/02/15
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)