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IIR document
Application of Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging in classification between fresh and frozen-thawed pork Longissimus Dorsi muscles.
Modelling of multiphase twin screw machines.
Geometrical aspects of novel internally geared screw machine.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Noise control of a twin-screw refrigeration compressor.
Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of twin screw refrigeration compressor.
Thermodynamic modeling of screw expander in a trilateral flash cycle.
Basic design procedure for an internally geared screw compressor.
Experimental investigation of a water-lubricated air twin-screw compressor.
CFD analysis of a twin screw compressor with oil injection.
Dynamic characteristics improvement of the single screw compressor with odd-grooves screw rotor.
Experimental study of the axial force on the rotors in a twin-screw refrigeration compressor.
Parallel operation of screw compressor packs.
Two-phase flow characteristics and leakage in the shaft seal of steam screw expanders.
Dynamic analyses for the rotor-journal bearing system of a twin-screw refrigeration compressor.
Numerical modeling of a two-phase twin-screw expander for Trilateral Flash Cycle applications.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1365 results
Noise reduction strategies for screw compressors
The operating noise of twin-screw compressors is an important issue that may limit their scope of application. Two recent IJR papers suggest several noise reduction methods and analyse their...
ISO 5149 standard revision: negative vote
Draft revised ISO/FDIS 5149 (Parts 1 to 4) standard “Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -- Safety and environmental requirements” which was submitted for voting on October 3, 2012, has been rejected by ISO countries (except Part 4 on operation,...
AREA's "Vision&Strategy 2020" manifesto.
In its new document, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration European Association (AREA) has identified 6 key priorities.
The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council
The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council, set up on May 3, 2005, forms the basis for coordinated intermodal research strategy for Europe. Composed of some 50 key players from large intermodal businesses, intermodal rail and road...
Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy
A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.
Imminent revised Japanese F-gas legislation
During ATMOsphere Asia 2014, M. Kumakura, from the Japanese Ministry of Environment (MOE), presented progress made on the revision of the Act on Ensuring the Implementation of Recovery and Destruction of Fluorocarbons concerning Designated...
European Union: Revision of EN378 standard
The European Standard "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements" has been republished following comprehensive review. The previous version of the standard, EN378:2000, has been withdrawn and replaced by...
EN 378 European Standard under revision
The final EN 378 standard is not expected to be published until 2015 at the earliest.
F-Gas regulation : European Council and Parliament reach provisional agreement
After several months of discussion, the two European bodies have reached a provisional agreement aimed at further reducing fluorinated gas emissions, in line with the EU's climate objectives.
Newly revised efficiency standards for ACs in Brazil and India
Stringent minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for air-conditioning (AC) equipment contribute to cutting down the energy demand for ACs globally. Setting up and periodically revising energy efficiency...
Approval of the revision of the F-Gas regulation by the European Parliament
On January 16, 2024, the European Parliament voted on the final version of the revision of the F-Gas regulation.
Revision of EU F-Gas Regulation sparks debate
The European Parliament’s recent tougher proposals on heat pumps and air conditioners have provoked many reactions.
Revising A3 refrigerants charge limits to promote wider application
A recent IJR paper examines the validity and form of charge limits for “highly flammable” A3 refrigerants, which constitute low-GWP alternatives to HFCs. Authors propose to eliminate upper charge limits for...
Japan: revised Fluorinated gas legislation to encourage rationalised use and proper management of fluorocarbons
The Japanese Cabinet recently approved the “Bill for the Act for Partial Revision of the Act on Ensuring the Implementation of Recovery and Destruction of Fluorocarbons concerning Designated Products.”
USA: HFC regulation revisions spark concerns for climate goals
In line with recent government decisions aimed at relaxing environmental regulations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently announced a review of the AIM Act, with potential implications for the...
IIR news
608 results
Obituary: Klaas Visser
The IIR was deeply saddened to learn that Klaas Visser passed away last July.
Visit: Lebanon
In December, 2004, Mr Michel Afram, Managing Director of LARI (Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, a Corporate Member of the IIR), with three members of the Board of LARI, and Mr Fares Charbel, Delegate of Lebanon to the IIR, visited the...
Visit: Cameroon
In November 2004, Philippe Mbesse, the Delegate of Cameroon to the IIR, and Didier Coulomb, met the Ambassador of Cameroon to France, His Excellency Mr Pascal Biloa Tang, in order to strengthen the links between Cameroon and the IIR.
Visit: Kazakhstan
In December 2004, Didier Coulomb met the Ambassador of Kazakhstan to France, His Excellency Mr Doulat Kuanyshev, in order to present the IIR.
Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market
At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...
The Norwegian Royal Ambassy visit to INDEE+ educational unit in IIT Madras
To acknowledge the efforts of INDEE+, the Norwegian Ambassador Hans Jacob Frydenlund, Arvind Gopinath (Honorary Consul), Ms. Marit Marie Strand (Advisor), Mr. Vivek (Senior Advisor) and other team members...
JSRAE visit to Paris: A new chapter in refrigeration collaboration
From 20 to 27 June 2024, the Japanese Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (JSRAE) visited Paris to meet with the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF). A delegation from JSRAE included representatives from Tokyo...
Corporate members of the IIR react to the draft revision of the F-Gas (in French)
The AFF, AFCE and Snefcca have communicated their reactions to the draft revision of the F-Gas. Both organisations draw attention to the difficulty of following the recommendations currently...
IIR conference papers visible in Scopus!
From Scopus, it is now possible to download the papers of three IIR conferences indexed in Fridoc. Download them!
ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!
The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...
Obituary: Aldo Dellacasa
The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Dr. Eng. Aldo Dellacasa, who died on August 19, 2018, at the age of 93.
Obituary: Raymond Cohen
Raymond Cohen, who was Herrick Laboratories Professor Emeritus and a long-time contributor to IIR activities, passed away at the age of 96.
Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson
Dr S Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.
Obituary: André Gac
The IIR is deeply saddened to learn of the passing of André Gac, former IIR Director on July 14th at the age of 98.
Shecco Virtual Trade Show Concludes 24-Hour Global Exhibit with over 4,000 Registrations
VTS attendees came from across the global cooling marketplace, including end users, manufacturers, contractors, associations, government officials, consultants, academics, students, media, and NGOs.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
19 results
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Events
4 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
Find out more
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
