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Key considerations when planning humidification systems.

• Author(s) : BREMER C.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dry air, Winter, Humidification, Standard, Relative humidity
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

A novel natural draft dry cooling system with bilaterally arranged air-cooled heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : KONG Y., WANG W., YANG L., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Power plant, Dry air, Measurement, Cooling tower, Air-cooled exchanger, Performance, Natural cold
• Source: International Journal of thermal Sciences - vol. 112

Dry indoor climate – Why and how to prepare for the next cold season?

• Author(s) : BÖRJESSON M., BEDNAROVA P. V., PETRONI S.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Relative humidity, Winter, Indoor environment, Health, Cold climate, Dry air
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

Study of optimal operating conditions for a compound adsorption dehumidification system.

• Author(s) : CHUNG Y. C., WENG L. C., TSENG P. C., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dry air, Desiccant wheel, Temperature, Adsorption, Performance, Expérimentation, Desiccant, Dehumidifier
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

Cooling energy recovery.

• Author(s) : LAWRANCE W.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sorption, Rotary exchanger, Indoor environment, Expérimentation, Dry air, Relative humidity, Leakage, Coating (materials)
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

Air cooling analysis for oil-free CO2 reciprocating compressor.

• Author(s) : CHEN D. X.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CFD, Temperature, Cooling, R744, Air, Cylinder, Oil free compressor, Reciprocating compressor, CO2
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 24^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Development and testing of a new supercharger compressor for expanded use of air-source heat pumps in cold climates.

• Author(s) : WALTER T. J., JONAS T. A.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Air, Prototype, Heat pump, Performance, Pressure, Oil free compressor, Centrifugal compressor, Cold climate
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation of water injection in an oil free co-rotating scroll machinery for compressed air energy storage.

• Author(s) : MENDOZA L. C., IGLESIAS A., FAVRAT D., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Compressed air, Volumetric efficiency, Energy storage, Performance, Expander, Injection, Expérimentation, Oil free compressor, Water
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Indoor humidity of dwellings in a northern climate.

• Author(s) : PSOMAS T., TELI D., LANGER S., WARGOCKI P.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Relative humidity, Air quality, Indoor environment, Residential building, Dry air, Ventilation, Scandinavia, Sweden, Survey, Health
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Parametric optimization of earth-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) for central air conditioning.

• Author(s) : HEGAZI A. A., ABDELREHIM O., KHATER A.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Optimization, Ground-air, Heat exchanger, Air conditioning, Hot climate, Dry climate, Case study, Egypt, Energy consumption, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 129
• Formats : PDF

Low GWP refrigerant for heat pump.

• Author(s) : KIM S., ABBAS L., ZHANG L., TURNER D.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low GWP, R516A, Oil free compressor, Drop-in, Air-water, Chiller, Heat pump, Office, Building, Flammability, Thermodynamic property, Ternary mixture
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Experimental analysis of aerothermodynamics performance of the air curtain subject to the systematic crossing of a solid body.

• Author(s) : NASCIMENTO S. M., HEIDINGER G. G., GASPAR P. D., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Energy consumption, Display cabinet, Air curtain, Aerodynamics, Performance, Expérimentation
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Predicting and assessing energy performance of refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : PEARSON A.
• Publication date: 2020/07/31
• Languages : English
• Source: IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Effects of fin spacing on temperature distribution through finned tube adsorber beds: vehicle air conditioning applications.

• Author(s) : SHARAFIAN A., MCCAGUE C., BAHRAMI M.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Finned tube, Car, Temperature, Adsorption, Performance, Expérimentation, Air conditioning, Heat exchanger, Distribution
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Lower GWP refrigerants for refrigeration applications.

• Author(s) : ARIMOTO H., TSUCHIYA T., YAMADA Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Development of a prototype of Secondary loop Mobile Air Conditioning System

Tata Motor, an Indian car manufacturer, recently signed a partnership with the German automotive supplier Mahle to design and develop a Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning System (SL-MAC).

• Publication date : 2017/09/13

Figures: Indian dairy sector

According to a study recently released by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), the Indian dairy sector will be worth USD 100 billion by 2015.

• Publication date : 2012/02/13
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The importance of the Australian refrigeration and air-conditioning sector

Around 173,000 people (1.5% of the Australian workforce) are employed in over 20,000 businesses operating in the Australian RAC industry.

• Publication date : 2013/12/06

French Heat Wave Plan approved by the air-conditioning sector

Following the heat wave in Europe during the summer 2003, the French health minister took part in a conference on the new government's Heat Wave Plan. During this conference, the role of air conditioning was recognized. The refrigeration and...

• Publication date : 2004/07/15

UNIDO project to help green Gambia’s refrigeration and air-conditioning sector

The Gambia and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) will implement a demonstration project to reduce greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in the country's refrigeration and air-conditioning sector.

• Publication date : 2014/02/04
• Subjects: Environment, General information

GL2012 highlights: low-charge propane air-conditioning system using small section copper tubes

Propane air conditioner with smaller copper tubes and a smaller (and thus safer) refrigerant charge.

• Publication date : 2012/09/28

The RAC sector in Australia: a key part of the economy

Based on the findings of the recent “Cold Hard Facts 3” report, the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector represents around 300,000 people employed in more than 20,000 businesses (+72% compared with 2012 figures).

• Publication date : 2018/12/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

New REHVA General Secretary

During the latest REHVA General Assembly held on April 18, 2012, in Timisoara, Romania, Prof. Olli Seppänen announced that he will be stepping aside from the post of REHVA Secretary General. The new Secretary General, Jan Aufderheijde, who was...

• Publication date : 2012/06/19

Food safety: the problems caused by condensation

Some advice to prevent or remove condensation, often involved in food contamination.

• Publication date : 2017/04/28

Safety warnings over air conditioning R32 retrofits

A UK manufacturing association has recently warned against instances of replacing R410A with R32 refrigerant in air conditioners designed for use with R410A.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Food processing: a priority sector for India

India’s food minister believes that with a better supply chain, the country could be a global food processing powerhouse.

• Publication date : 2015/05/29

Package indicators to help increase food safety

Chromatic Technologies Inc. (CTI) has developed inks that provide reminders when a product has been out of refrigeration and temperature has started to rise.

• Publication date : 2013/10/23

UK: frozen food could contribute to food security

A BFFF report concluded that by increasing frozen food consumption, the UK could reduce food waste, boost food affordability and lessen the environmental impact of food, all of which would subsequently contribute to improved food security.

• Publication date : 2015/09/28

Efficient fridges reduce German retailer costs

More efficient refrigeration and LED lighting helped reduce energy costs in the German retail food industry by 5% in 2015.

• Publication date : 2016/01/21

Linear compressors for refrigeration: benefits and challenges

Linear compressors have significant advantages over conventional crank-driven compressors, but the main challenge remains cost.

• Publication date : 2018/05/04

Take part in the BETTED project survey for the dairy sector

Help this EU project map out the role of sustainability of companies in the dairy sector. The survey ends August 30.

• Publication date : 2024/06/18
• Subjects: General information, Environment

A new Master’s for food security

In September 2013, the Polytechnic Institute of LaSalle in Beauvais, France launched a Master degree in the “Management of Food Safety in Cities”, certified by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and partnered with the IIR.

• Publication date : 2014/02/05

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

IIR Informatory Note highlights global air conditioning's CO2 emissions and energy impact

The IIR has modelled current and future CO2 emissions attributable to air conditioning in different regions of the world.

• Publication date : 2024/08/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

Clim'Eco: the IIR is a partner of this new program, which began this year in Réunion.

This program aims to promote a reasonable use and good maintenance of air conditioning in the French overseas departments.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Take part in the survey: women in RACHP

Are you a woman working in the Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat Pumps sector? We would like to understand the motivation, challenges and opportunities faced...

• Publication date : 2021/12/21

The IIR and the ASHRAE establish new definitions of five keywords in the refrigeration sector

For over a year, a group of experts from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have been working together to establish common definitions of...

• Publication date : 2019/03/18

IIR partner in INDEE+

The IIR takes part of the project INDEE+ which aims to support the Indian refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector in the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Developing country

The IIR announces role in European "REAL Alternatives" programme.

The International of Refrigeration is pleased to announce its role in a new European learning programme “REAL Alternatives” that will address skills shortages amongst technicians working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector.

• Publication date : 2013/12/01

CIAR 2022 in Lisbon – Call for abstracts ends October 1!

From May 4-6, 2022, the Portuguese capital of Lisbon will be the stage for the long-awaited event in the air conditioning sector; CIAR 2022 - XVI Ibero-American Congress of Air Conditioning and...

• Publication date : 2021/08/27
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: Linde

Linde uses cryogenic freezing to improve cuts.

• Publication date : 2014/10/21

Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads

Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges

With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...

• Publication date : 2015/04/08

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

Discover the 29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies

• Publication date : 2015/12/02
• Subjects: General information

ICR2007 in Beijing

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) holds Congresses every 4 years. They have two objectives: - a scientific objective: apart from the numerous IIR and IIR-co-sponsored conferences (about 50 over a 4-year period), which are focused...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids