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IIR document
Effect of indirect ice slurry cooling, low temperature transportation and different retailing methods on the circulation quality of cauliflower.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Effect of different film packaging on the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during cold storage.
Expérimentation, simulation et optimisation industrielles du pré-refroidissement de choux-fleurs.
Industrial experimentation, simulation and optimization of cauliflower precooling.
LE FROID HUMIDE APPLIQUE A LA REFRIGERATION DU CHOU-FLEUR.
HUMID COLD APPLIED TO CAULIFLOWER CHILLING.
The cauliflower cv Romanesco. An interesting green variety suitable for freezing.
EFFECT OF STORAGE ATMOSPHERE ON POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF CAULIFLOWER.
FREEZING TIME AND RATE OF CAULIFLOWER FLORETS UNDER DIFFERENT FREEZING CONDITIONS.
INFLUENCE OF PRECONDITIONING TEMPERATURES ON LOSS OF VITAMIN C IN COLE CROPS DURING FREEZING.
Influence of storage conditions on vitamin C content of white cabbage.
DETRIMENT IN CAULIFLOWER QUALITY AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES DURING FROZEN STORAGE.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PACKAGE ON VACUUM COOLING CAULIFLOWER AND BROCCOLI.
Peroxidase inactivation and ascorbic acid degradation of cauliflower during microwave and conventional blanching prior to freezing.
Retention of oxalates in frozen products of three brassica species depending on the methods of freezing and preparation for consumption.
Activity of Brassica oleracea leaf juice on foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
STORAGE LOSSES OF FRESH VEGETABLES USING TWO DIFFERENTLY DESIGNED COOLING SYSTEMS.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
49 results
Heat pumps : the core technology for sustainable heating
A recent report by the IEA highlights that heat pumps are essential to reducing the use of natural gas for heating, while improving energy security, reducing emissions and ensuring...
Heat flowing from a colder to a warmer body without external intervention
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a simple device that allows heat to flow temporarily from a cold to a warm object without external intervention by using a “thermal inductor”.
A semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling an office complex
An innovative semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling 40,000 m2 of apartments and business premises was recently installed in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Fusion of a boiler and a heat pump into one new system, thanks to thermal compression
Boostheat company has developed a new technology that is claimed to lead to a new generation of very efficient and renewable heating, hot water and cooling systems.
Heat pump and ice storage for heating and cooling an energy neutral German office building
Schnepf, a German company, has designed its new 2,500 m2 office building with an innovative energy concept, combining ice storage, a heat pump and solar energy.
Renewable and recovered energies make up 66.5% of France’s district heating networks
District networks supply heating to more than 50,000 buildings and cooling to more than 1,600 buildings, according to FEDENE’s latest annual survey, conducted under the supervision of the French...
An air-conditioned jogging track in a park in Qatar
A 50,000 m² park opened in Al Gharrafa, Qatar. It has the particularity of being equipped with a fully air-conditioned track for pedestrians and joggers.
Chilled water cooling pads to reduce heat stress in pigs
A team of scientists at Purdue university in the USA has developed cooling pads to keep pigs cool and reduce the impact of heat stress on milk output and piglet...
Global air conditioning market study in 2015
The global market contracted by 5% in value terms in 2015 whereas the market had shown a growth of 7% in 2014.
Germany: Cologne invests €280 million in district energy revolution with Rhine River heat pump
Cologne will decarbonise its district heating system with a 150 MW heat pump installed on the Rhine.
Sales of domestic refrigerators decline in France in 2023
According to Gifam, a grouping of household appliance brands, sales of domestic refrigerators in France declined in 2023, due to a challenging property and economic...
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part IV)
Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)
How to increase market uptake of innovative renewable heating and cooling systems ?
The results of two years of EU-funded research highlight several recommended incentives to motivate the uptake of innovative renewable heating and cooling systems.
A propane heat pump with compact bionic heat exchangers
In Germany, Fraunhofer has developed a propane heat pump using compact finned heat exchangers with distribution boxes whose structure is inspired by nature.
IIR news
2 results
New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling
The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.
IIR Highlights from the OEWG-47 Side Event: Empowering Women in the Cooling Sector
The International Institute of Refrigeration participated in a side event organised by GIZ Proklima, focused on advancing gender equality in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
