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IIR document
Experimental study on a novel pumpless absorption refrigeration system using R134a/DMF as working pair.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements and assessments of fluoroethane + N,N-dimethylformamide and fluoroethane + dimethylether diethylene glycol systems for the hybrid refrigeration cycle.
Performance evaluation of absorber in R134a/DMF based vapour absorption refrigeration system with swirl injector.
Visual experimental research on the effect of nozzle orifice structure on r124-DMAC absorption process in a vertical bubble tube.
CFD heat and mass transfer studies in a R134a-DMF bubble absorber with swirl flow entry of R134a vapour.
Experimental studies on the performance of bubble pumps for theR134a-DMF diffusion absorption refrigerator.
Performance comparison of absorption heating cycles using various low-GWP and natural refrigerants.
Energy saving performance assessment of the hybrid refrigeration cycle with working pairs of HFCs and organic absorbents.
Improved sperm cryosurvival in diluents containing amides versus glycerol in the Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii).
Investigations on the performance of an auto-cascade absorption refrigeration system operating with mixed refrigerants.
Experimental research on the performance of the diffusion absorption refrigerator with mixed fluoride refrigerants.
Experimental research on the performance of the diffusion absorption refrigerator with R32/R134a mixed refrigerants.
Experimental studies on a bubble absorber with swirl entry of refrigerant vapour.
An approach to working fluid selection for absorption power cycle based on the sub-cycle coupling concept.
Performance study on auto-cascade absorption refrigeration cycle using R-32 + R-134a/DMF as working pairs.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Refrigeration sector monitoring
156 results
Focus on the role of humidification and dehumidification in HVAC&R
An article recently published on the website HVAC&R online clarifies the differences between those two industries and develops their respective applications.
Techniques of humidification in data centres
An interesting overview of the recent improvement in data centres humidification techniques.
Refrigerant news: DEFRA
In its "HFC consumption and emissions forecasting" September 2010 update of the 2008 report, the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) recently shows that while UK HFC emissions are actually higher than had...
Differentiated chilling for meat
A new intelligent-pad-chilling method for meat carcasses developed by DMRI Consult for the Danish Meat Research Institute, is claimed to be able to reduce meat weight loss by 90% and reduce energy costs by approximately 50%. Each carcass is...
Buildings: heating and cooling equipment roadmap
At the request of the G8, IEA is developing a series of roadmaps for some of the most important technologies needed for achieving a global energy-related CO2 emissions target in 2050 of 50% below current levels. Energy-efficient Buildings: Heating...
Defining energy efficiency indicators for refrigerated shipping vessels
A working group from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has proposed new energy efficiency indicators for ships. Shipping companies challenge their...
Reefer trains might redefine the refrigerated transport industry
Two examples of reefer trains in Europe.
The Indian government implements a default temperature setting on room air conditioners
The Indian Government has imposed a default temperature setting of 24 °C on room air conditioners with effect from January 1, 2020.
Scientists recommend modifying the Montreal Protocol so that it covers the use of HFCs.
In a new paper published in Science, G. Velders et al. estimate that climate benefits resulting from the Montreal Protocol – which regulates ozone-depleting CFCs and HCFCs – will soon be counterbalanced by HFC emissions, which are currently...
Briefs: Dehumidification and cooling system cuts energy consumption by 43% in meat processing plant
Cooling and dehumidification costs in a meat plant in Germany have been reduced by a system using hot and cold water from other processes. According to DuCool, TönniesFleisch plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück is saving annually 165 000 € in electricity...
Pulse technology defrosts surfaces in seconds
A team of Japanese and American researchers is developing with a new, fast and efficient technology to defrost surfaces.
New energy saving defrost technology
A new technology which is claimed to save 1.94 billion € on supermarket refrigeration energy costs has been presented.
Frost detection and defrosting methods: latest advances
A recent Purdue conference paper presents the state of the art regarding methods for retarding the onset of frosting, frost detection techniques and defrosting strategies, including those based on artificial...
France: The HFC tax plan defered to January 1, 2019.
A video excerpt of the French finance commission informs the debate on taxes on HFCs.
IEA “Net Zero by 2050” roadmap: the role of the refrigeration sector
In its latest report, the IEA stresses that the path to net‐zero emissions by 2050 is narrow. In this context, the refrigeration sector, including heat pumps, has an important role to play.
IIR news
52 results
First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Dehumidification in Air Conditioning
The IIR Commission E1 Working Group (WG) on “Dehumidification in Air Conditioning”, chaired by Baolong Wang and Xu Zhang, held its first meeting during the IIR-co-sponsored Purdue conferences on July 9, 2018.
The IIR and the ASHRAE establish new definitions of five keywords in the refrigeration sector
For over a year, a group of experts from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have been working together to establish common definitions of...
Member News: Daikin partners with Fujifilm to reduce noise from some of its ventilation/humidification units
The Japanese company Daikin will soon use a new technology to reduce noise in some of its ventilation and humidification units.
The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine
Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...
COOL-SAVE project distributes 1st newsletter
News about cost effective strategies to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems for the food and drink sector...
Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge
Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...
World Refrigeration Day 2023: Distribute the dedicated flyers!
Titled “Next Generation Cooling”, the World Refrigeration Day 2023 campaign focused on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from...
New challenges in “Cold Applications in Life Sciences"
Following the 2nd IIR Workshop on "Cold Applications in Life Sciences", Ralf Herzog, President of IIR Section A, has summarized key information in this field, in a new thematic file that you can find on the IIR website.
Walk-in cold rooms: webinar replay and slides now available
Thank you for taking part in our second webinar! You can now download the slides and watch the replay on the IIR YouTube channel. Furthermore, the overview guide is also available in...
Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges
The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.
New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.
A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing.
Upcoming IIR events: Ohrid
Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and Tomorrow, the second IIR event in this series, will be held on April 19-21, 2007 in Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM). Register:
Conference update: Ohrid
The next conference in a series of leading-edge IIR events on ammonia is to be held in Ohrid, Macedonia, on May 7-9, 2009: Ammonia Refrigeration Technology.ristoci@ukim.edu.mk,
Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and Tomorrow, the second IIR event in this series, will be held on April 19-21, 2007 in Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM). Present a paper and/or register:
The next conference in a series of leading-edge IIR events on ammonia is to be held in Ohrid, Macedonia, on May 7-9, 2009: Ammonia Refrigeration Technology. Present a paper and register:
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
16 results
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
