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Modelling of active modified atmosphere packaging of endives exposed to several postharvest temperatures.

• Author(s) : CHARLES F., SANCHEZ J., GONTARD N.
• Publication date: 2005/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Ital. J. Food Sci. - vol. 70 - n. 8

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: Belgian endive (witloof chicory)./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : l'endive.

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: Belgian endive (witloof chicory).

• Author(s) : CANTWELL M., SUSLOW T. V.
• Publication date: 2009/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Postharvest Technol., Res. Inf. Cent. - 3 p.; tabl.

IIR document

Red discoloration of chicory under modified atmosphere storage conditions.

• Author(s) : VERLINDEN B. E., GILLIS N., LAMMERTYN J., et al.
• Publication date: 2000/10/19
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Amélioration de la maîtrise du forçage des endives : de nouveaux concepts d'installation.

Improving control of witloof-chicory forcing: new installation concepts.

• Author(s) : MARLE M.
• Publication date: 2005/10
• Languages : French
• Source: Infos Ctifl - n. 215

IIR document

Study of the respiration rate of Belgian endive packaged in plastic films.

• Author(s) : JAIME M. P., ORIA R., SALVADOR M. L.
• Publication date: 2000/10/19
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

La conservation des chicons pré-réfrigération et emballages à perméabilité sélective : intérêt et limites.

Endive preservation precooling and packing with selective permeability: benefits and limits.

• Author(s) : SCANDELLA D., MARLE M., LAVILLE J.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : French
• Source: Rev. gén. Froid - n. 1047

Des films en polypropylène pour l'emballage des endives : un cahier des charges pour l'atmosphère modifiée ?

Polypropylene films for witloof-chicory packaging: a specification sheet for modified atmosphere?

• Author(s) : MARLE M., MORAS P., POQUET S., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/09
• Languages : French
• Source: Infos Ctifl - n. 214

IIR document

The effect of preharvest bleaching on the storage behaviour of minimally processed endive under modified atmosphere.

• Author(s) : KETELEER A., CUMPS M., TOBBACK P.
• Publication date: 1994/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and the Quality of Fresh Vegetables.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the air flow, heat and mass transfer in chicory root cold stores by means of computational fluid dynamics.

• Author(s) : HOANG M. L., VERBOVEN P., BAELMANS M., et al.
• Publication date: 2003/08/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 21^st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Serving the Needs of Mankind.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Critical remarks on the use of predictive microbiology for minimally processed vegetables. A case study on endive.

• Author(s) : WILLOCX F., TOBBACK P., HENDRICKX M.
• Publication date: 1994/06/08
• Languages : English
• Source: New Applications of Refrigeration to Fruit and Vegetables Processing.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ROLE DU FROID POUR AMELIORER LA PRODUCTION ET LA CONSERVATION DE L'ENDIVE.

EFFECTS OF COLD TREATMENTS IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF CHICORY.

• Author(s) : SOUDAIN P., FIALA V., COCHET J. P.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE TECHNIQUE FOR WITLOOF ROOTS (CICHORIUM INTYBUS, VAR.

• Author(s) : LIPS J.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimization of chicory root cold store humidification system using computational fluid dynamics.

• Author(s) : DELELE M. A., SCHENK A., NICOLAÏ B. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2010/03/29
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Long-term storage of witloof roots (Chichorium intybus, var. Foliosum) in modified atmosphere conditions.

• Author(s) : LIPS J.
• Publication date: 1994/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and the Quality of Fresh Vegetables.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Kinetic criteria for the evaluation of microbial quality of minimally processed vegetables by product history integrators.

• Author(s) : WILLOCX F., HENDRICKX M., TOBBACK P.
• Publication date: 1994/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and the Quality of Fresh Vegetables.
• Formats : PDF

Green buildings: not so expensive

A study sponsored by the investment firm Good Energies on 150 green building projects around the world shows that, on average, they cost only around 2% more than traditional buildings and yielded 33% savings on energy use. These results can...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Briefs: Incentives for energy-efficient refrigerators

- US measures A USD 300 million programme, similar to what Stråberg suggested for Sweden, was recently announced by President Barack Obama. The US package will authorize states to create rebates with an expected value of USD 50-200 for each...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Indian government incentives for the cold chain

According to a statement last December, by the Indian Minister of State, around 30% of 68 million tonnes of fruit and 129 million tonnes of vegetables produced are wasted every year in the country for lack of sufficient cold storage...

• Publication date : 2011/08/17

Must read in IJR: a comprehensive review on fault detection in HVAC systems

The latest research and developments in the fault detection and diagnostics of HVAC systems are presented in several articles recently published in the IJR.

• Publication date : 2023/02/13
• Subjects: Technology

Utility offers NYC grocery stores incentives to use energy storage for refrigeration.

To better manage the energy demand on the grid during peak times of day, a handful of grocery stores produced ice over night.

• Publication date : 2017/02/13

Recent ENOUGH project publication on food sector emissions provides objective comparison across EU countries, sector and emission scopes

A team of researchers from the ENOUGH consortium (London South Bank University – UK, CNR Construction Technology Institute – Italy, SINTEF Ocean – Norway, INRAE – France, IIR) recently published a comprehensive...

• Publication date : 2025/12/16
• Subjects: Environment

Briefs: Australia’s White Paper

In its White Paper "Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS): Australia's Low Pollution Future" - an amended version of the Green Paper issued in July 2008 - unveiled in December 2008, the Australian government gave details concerning its future...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

China food chain

Last year, China reported almost 70 billion yuan (USD 8.63 billion) losses in discarded fruit and vegetables. Annual food production is estimated at USD 300 billion but over 20% of food is wasted during transportation due, according to the...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

How to increase market uptake of innovative renewable heating and cooling systems ?

The results of two years of EU-funded research highlight several recommended incentives to motivate the uptake of innovative renewable heating and cooling systems.

• Publication date : 2022/01/06
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Recycling greenhouse gases thanks to cryogenics

A new technology, developed and patented by ABB, enables comprehensive recycling of contaminated sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas by using an energy-efficient cryogenic process.

• Publication date : 2012/10/01

New GCCA 2013-2014 Global Cold Chain Directory

This comprehensive directory provides readers with a convenient way to find third-party logistics providers, contractors and suppliers in cold storage and distribution solutions.

• Publication date : 2013/11/19

Refrigerated display cabinets: a growing global market

A comprehensive global report on refrigerated display cabinets released by GIA predicts that the market will grow to over USD 5.34 billion by 2017.

• Publication date : 2012/03/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

India: air conditioning at the heart of transition from HFCs

Focus on the incentives and regulations to phase down HFCs in India.

• Publication date : 2019/04/30
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

A Listeria monocytogenes biosensor based on gold nanoparticles

The innovation is an inexpensive, portable, disposable enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay-based biosensing strip that detects L. monocytogenes theough gold particle-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes.

• Publication date : 2013/05/16

European Commission: a guide to innovative district heating and cooling solutions.

A comprehensive solution booklet on district heating and cooling by the European Commission covers energy-efficient technologies, regulatory frameworks and business...

• Publication date : 2024/08/14
• Subjects: General information, Regulation

FRIDOC: The most comprehensive refrigeration database in the world!

With more than 109,000 indexed resources, FRIDOC is the world’s most comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information. Discover the latest improvements!

• Publication date : 2023/06/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, General information

Fridoc: the most comprehensive refrigeration database in the world

Fridoc contains documents written in 36 languages by over 80,000 authors from 93 countries.

• Publication date : 2016/06/29

IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Cooling technologies for sustainable data centres

Authored by leading IIR experts in energy and power engineering, this publication offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative cooling solutions designed to meet the escalating...

• Publication date : 2025/01/28
• Subjects: Technology

New JSRAE book on refrigeration compressors

The IIR partner JSRAE just published a comprehensive book, “Compressors for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration”.

• Publication date : 2018/05/17

News from IIR members: Sofrigam

Sofrigam has developed new technology following extensive research over a 2-year period: a fast locking system that ensures security and sealing of its passive refrigerated packaging.

• Publication date : 2013/04/19

Now it’s even easier to find your thesis in FRIDOC!

To increase the visibility of your thesis, publish it in FRIDOC. The comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information now comprises nearly 300 theses from across the globe.

• Publication date : 2022/11/22
• Subjects: General information

Discover the 36th IIR Informatory Note on “Flammable Refrigerants”

The 36th IIR Informatory Note on “Flammable Refrigerants” provides a comprehensive introduction to matters such as flammability characteristics, classifications and governing rules such as safety standards and regulations covering the entire...

• Publication date : 2018/02/07

International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) releases new technical brief: “The role of refrigeration in the global economy (3rd edition)”

This comprehensive report highlights the critical importance of refrigeration in addressing global challenges related to food security, healthcare, energy efficiency, and climate change.

• Publication date : 2025/04/15
• Subjects: Figures, economy

New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.

A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Publish your thesis on the IIR website!

To gain visibility, publish your thesis in FRIDOC: the world’s most comprehensive database dedicated to information on refrigeration! 

• Publication date : 2024/01/22

Share your thesis with the international refrigeration community : publish it in FRIDOC !

To increase the visibility of your thesis, publish it in FRIDOC: the most comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information in the world!

• Publication date : 2022/05/18

CaRe Working Group: Discover the Women in Cooling database

This interactive tool compiles data from a comprehensive international survey on women working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector, highlighting their inspiring stories.

• Publication date : 2025/05/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!

The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations

The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.

• Publication date : 2015/12/29

Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe

Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...

• Publication date : 2025/03/18

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)