Search results

IIR document

Thermo-economic-environmental optimization of injection mass flow rate in the two-stage compression refrigeration cycle (Case study: Mobarakeh steel company in Isfahan, Iran).

• Author(s) : DEYMI-DASHTEBAYAZ M., MADDAH S., FALLAHI E.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Two-stage system, Optimization, Modelling, Iran, Injection, Case study, Cost, COP, Compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Potentiometric and economic analysis of using air and water-side economizers for data center cooling based on various weather conditions.

• Author(s) : DEYMI-DASHTEBAYAZ M., NAMANLO S. V.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Fan, Cooling, Iran, Case study, Economizer
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

The economic analysis of applying solar absorption cooling systems in Hormozganb province.

• Author(s) : JAFARI M., SHAHRAKI F., KHORSHIDI-MAL-AHMADI J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Economy, Cooling, Absorption system, Iran, Residential building, Solar energy
• Source: GMP Review - vol. 17 - n. 1

IIR document

Thermo-economic analysis and sizing of the components of an ejector expansion refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : KHOSRAVI S., KOURY R. N. N., MACHADO L.
• Publication date: 2018/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Ejector system, Refinery, Iran, Case study, Energy saving, Expansion, Thermodynamic cycle
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 86
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The potential of photovoltaic green cooling with natural refrigerants.

• Author(s) : KOHLENBACH P., JAKOB U., MUNZINGER P., WERNTGES A.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioning, Solar energy, Photovoltaic panel, Water, R290, R718, China, Iran, India, Cost, Simulation
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Introducing a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal collector, ejector refrigeration cycle and phase change material storage energy system (Energy, exergy and economic analysis).

• Author(s) : GHORBANI B., MEHRPOOYA M., SHARIFZADEH M. M. M.
• Publication date: 2019/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Trigeneration, Solar collector, Exergy, Simulation, PCM, Photovoltaic panel, Hybrid system, Iran, Case study, Cost
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 103
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Anticipating an efficient relative humidity in a room under direct solar radiation and equipped by radiant cooling panel system.

• Author(s) : NAJAFI N. Z., HAGHIGHI A. P.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Development of a correlation for parameter controlling using exergy efficiency optimization of an Al2O3/water nanofluid based flat-plate solar collector.

• Author(s) : SHOJAEIZADEH E., VEYSI F.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Inhibition of corrosion in amine air cooled heat exchanger: experimental and numerical study.

• Author(s) : VALEH-E-SHEYDA P., RASHIDI H.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Recommended by the IIR

Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: A Bibliometric Analysis.

• Author(s) : MOHAMMADPOUR J., LEE A., TIMCHENKO V., TAYLOR R.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 9
• Formats : PDF

Pasar de la G a la A+++ en equipos de baja temperatura comerciales.

Move from energy efficiency class G to A +++ in low temperature commercial equipment.

• Author(s) : VADILLO I., SANZ F.
• Publication date: 2018/05
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 46 - n. 513
• Formats : PDF

2014 IARW global cold storage capacity report.

• Author(s) : SALIN V.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : English

IIR document

Energy efficiency standards, conservation potentials and labelling of residential evaporative air-coolers in Iran.

• Author(s) : HEYDARI A., ESLAMIAN M., MAHBUBI FARD M.
• Publication date: 1999/09/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Certification, Air conditioner, Design, Evaporative system, Iran, Energy efficiency, Air conditioning
• Source: 20^th International Congress of Refrigeration: Refrigeration into the Third Millennium.
• Formats : PDF

Introducing suggestive design of the engineer organization department’s central building in the Semnan province in Iran.

• Author(s) : JAMEEI A., MOKHTARIFAR A., NOURIZAD R.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Design, Architecture, Iran, Air conditioning, Hot climate
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

Using wind as an approach natural ventilation in hot and humid region (case study: Bushehr, Iran).

• Author(s) : KARIMZADEH A., SHAHRIARI S., SHAHRIARI S. K. A.
• Publication date: 2013/06/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wind, Humid climate, Building, Natural ventilation, Iran, Case study, Hot climate
• Source: Clima 2013. 11th REHVA World Congress and 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Iran has LNG plans on a very large scale

Iran is reportedly planning to finance up to 120 billion USD for LNG production over the next 12 years and become the world's largest LNG exporter. As of now, there are no LNG industries in Iran, but there are gas resources estimated at 27.5...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Refrigerated trains to connect Russia and Iran

The Ministry of agriculture in cooperation with “Russian Railways” (RZD) plans to run shuttle refrigerated trains between Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Belarus for export and import of agricultural and food products.

• Publication date : 2017/10/03

Radiative Cooling in the Sub-Saharan Desert

A new way of lowering temperatures without using electricity has recently been developed. Iterrae, a French company, has discovered a way of using radiative cooling, a phenomenon that takes place at night, when the Earth is cooled by the 0 K...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Reducing post-harvest food losses in sub-Saharan Africa 

To strengthen the cold chain for fruit and vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa, sustainable measures and the use of precooling are recommended in a review article. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Developing country

Sub-Saharan milk cooler project awarded USD 1 million

A University of Georgia engineer received USD 1 million to continue working on a milk cooler designed to help dairy farmers, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, who lack access to refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2014/03/18

Solar energy improves medical healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa

UNDP develops the Solar for Health project in Zambia and Zimbabwe. More than 400 healthcare centres are now equipped with solar panels and the health products' cold chain is preserved.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28
• Subjects: Developing country

Research & Development: A cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane

A doctoral student at ETH Zurich's Functional Materials Laboratory has developed a cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane.

• Publication date : 2017/09/01

Windcatchers: the birth of air conditioning and natural refrigeration?

Windcatchers, which can reduce indoor temperatures by around 10°C and store water at near-freezing temperatures during summer months, have been used over centuries in many regions around the world.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22

Markets: LNG market

According to Andy Flower, an energy consultant, the global LNG market would maintain an average 12% annual growth until 2012 but should see a shortfall of about 120 million tonnes by 2020. Global LNG trade fell last year for the first time since...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Markets: Chillers

According to a recent market report by BSRIA, an estimated 200 400 units of chillers were shipped worldwide in 2004. The estimated number of centrifugal chillers was 8500 with the USA at the centre of production (3500 units equal to 41% of the...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

International milestone agreement on the phase-down of HFC production and consumption in Kigali

The 28th Meeting of the Parties (MOP28) to the Montreal Protocol which was held in Kigali, Rwanda, from October 10 to 14, 2016, led to an international agreement on the phase-down of the production and consumption of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2016/10/18
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

More than one billion people are at high risk due to a lack of access to cooling

The annual Chilling Prospects report estimates that 355 million people living in poor rural areas and 732 million people living in poor urban areas are at risk due to a lack of access to cooling worldwide....

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Developing country

Refrigerated rail transport of fruits in India

1000 tonnes of imported fresh fruits reached Bengaluru (India) on refrigerated train.

• Publication date : 2021/09/06
• Subjects: Developing country

Global air conditioning market study in 2015

The global market contracted by 5% in value terms in 2015 whereas the market had shown a growth of 7% in 2014.

• Publication date : 2016/06/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)

At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/04/06
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Developing country

Brief: Iran

There is now considerable interest in the IIR in Iran. Mr Manuchehr Mehdizadeh, who is well-known in the HVAC, chilling and freezing sectors in Iran, has attracted considerable interest in the IIR, resulting in new members representing strategic...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

The IIR launches a brand new website

With a fresh and modern design that will adapt to any electronic device for comfortable viewing, the new website of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) will provide user-friendly access to the most relevant information in...

• Publication date : 2020/03/31

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Corporate member Australian Gas Industry Trust AGIT, Barton ACT, Australia - Private members Mr Maarten Croes, France Mr Parviz Tavakolly, Iran - Junior members Mr Marino Grozdek,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members - A2 Inc, New York, USA - Grasso Products BV, s'Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands - Hoshizaki Electric Co. Ltd, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan - Parasense Ltd, Gloucester, United Kingdom...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

New members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: - Benefactor member TOTAL, Paris La Défense, France - Corporate members ACC Austria, Fuerstenfeld, Austria Arsenal Research, Vienna, Austria Davicani Srl, Brasov, Romania Kinarca S.A.U.,...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

International events: European Central Asia

The European Central Asia network of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) held its 7th annual meeting in Tirana, Albania. It was focused on the phase-out of CFCs in Metered-Dose Inhalants (MDIs) and the replacement of HCFCs in foams and...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

New design for the IJR but still quality papers!

As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...

• Publication date : 2019/11/20

Winners of the IIR Scientific Awards 2019 revealed

This time round, the IIR received a record number of applications and submissions to its various awards and is delighted to announce the winners.

• Publication date : 2019/04/15

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

Now available: ICR2015 congress papers

Following on from the successful IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), the long anticipated papers and proceedings are now available to download in Fridoc.

• Publication date : 2015/12/09

26th International Congress of Refrigeration: A Remarkable Success

The 26th International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), held on August 21-25, 2023, left an indelible mark on the world of refrigeration, serving as a resounding success with the active participation...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04
• Subjects: Technology, Environment, General information

Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants

Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.

• Publication date : 2021/07/08
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!

The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.

• Publication date : 2022/05/16
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Conference programme now available for ICCC 2022

In addition to three keynote sessions, the event will gather over 50 presentations, three workshops and several coffee lounges discussions looking at new ways to tackle questions around sustainability and the...

• Publication date : 2022/03/24
• Subjects: Developing country, General information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics