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IIR document
Effect of phosphate and bicarbonate replacers on quality changes of raw and cooked pacific white shrimp as influenced by the repeated freeze-thawing.
Shelf life of snow crab clusters (Chionoecetes opilio) stored at 0 and 4°C.
Features of cryogenic crushing of chilled biological raw material.
[In Russian. / En russe.]
Predictive model for the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in raw pork meat as a function of temperature.
Le lait à la ferme.
Milk on farms.
Bacteriological profile of raw, frozen chicken nuggets.
Optimum storage temperature of frozen cooked rice predicted by ice crystal measurement, sensory evaluation and artificial neural network.
Three-year surveillance program examining the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in whole retail raw chicken.
Content of amino acids and the quality of protein in Brussels sprouts, both raw and prepared for consumption.
Modelling the interaction of storage temperature, pH, and water activity on the growth behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and pasteurised semi-soft rind washed milk cheese during storage following ripening.
Prevalence studies on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and indicator bacteria in raw ground beef produced at federally registered establishments in Canada.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
139 results
Temperature control and sustainability, the challenges of 3D meat printing
Temperature control is a key factor that still limits the application of 3D printing in the meat industry, according to recent scientific publications.
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024: refrigeration contributes to sustain aquatic food supplies amid record high production
Figures from FAO and IIR highlight the importance of the seafood cold chain for a sustainable aquatic food supply through 2050.
Europe dominated the global frozen food market in 2020
2020 has seen record sales in the frozen food sector. According to Frozen Food Europe, Europe had the largest share of the global frozen food market in 2020. Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa are...
Reducing food waste: can we keep open canned sardines in the refrigerator?
Researchers from the University of Porto studied the shelf life at 4°C of open canned sardines, depending on the type of seasoning (sardines in brine, vegetable oil, tomato...
Cryochemistry: chemical reactions accelerated by freezing
Surprisingly, some chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing. The possible applications of studying such cryoreactions include the food and pharmaceutical cold chain, as well...
The fast-growing frozen food market
The global frozen food market, estimated at USD 220 billion, is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.1% over the next 5 years.
Solar-powered off-grid cooling: An innovative prototype for remote areas
An innovative solar-powered refrigerator could transform the preservation of perishable goods in areas without electricity.
Inauguration of the “Ferments du Futur” Innovation Centre
The “Ferments du Futur” Innovation Centre, dedicated to sustainable food research, was recently opened by INRAE in the Paris-Saclay science and innovation cluster, France.
Vietnam reconsiders air conditioner tax amid debate on luxury vs. necessity and environmental impact
The Vietnamese National Assembly Standing Committee debates removing the special consumption tax on air conditioners, arguing they are now essential goods.
ICR 2019: an overview of current refrigeration research (part II)
Presentation of the main scientific and technical topics covered in the papers of the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration and summary of some of the 14 keynotes.
24 European countries offer financial support for industrial heat pumps
According to an EHPA report, nearly all European countries offer financial subsidies or support for companies to invest in industrial heat pumps.
Efficiency of ground source heat pump systems
Ground source heat pumps (GHSP) have been reported to be more efficient than more widespread air source heat pumps despite higher installation costs. A recent article has reviewed parameters impacting the energy...
Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand
In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
New IIR figures highlight the role of the refrigeration sector
On the occasion of the upcoming publication of two new Informatory Notes, the IIR has established new figures illustrating the importance of the refrigeration sector.
Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage
Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...
IIR news
91 results
INDEE+ at 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023), Kolkata, India
In February 2023, INDEE+ successfully participated to the 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023) in Kolkata. The project was jointly promoted in a technical session and at a dedicated booth.
Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads
Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!
IIR’s contribution and key outcomes at COP29
The International Institute of Refrigeration actively participated in COP29/CMP19/CMA6 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 November to 22 November 2024, contributing to key discussions and fostering discussions...
IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic
To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.
Ozone to Cool Zone: IIR Workshops at COP 28
Join the five IIR workshops at COP28 set to highlight innovative refrigeration solutions for a sustainable future.
Member News: New Intermarché Store in Central Paris Equipped with Epta’s “Integral” Refrigeration Systems
The integration of compact, self-contained refrigeration units demonstrates the adaptability of modern cooling technologies in urban and architecturally sensitive environments.
Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021
For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 26
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 26th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in...
Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe
Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...
IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year
Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...
Healthcare ColDays 2022: innovations in refrigeration and health
The French Association of Refrigeration (Association Française du Froid) is organising a day dedicated to the latest technical and scientific developments in the field of refrigeration and health on 26 April...
World Science Day: IIR reaffirms the role of refrigeration for sustainable development
This 10 November 2025, IIR joins in the celebration of World Science Day, aligning with this year’s theme of “the science we need for 2050” by highlighting the importance of refrigeration for economic...
IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance
The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.
IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA
The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...
IIR in Bangkok: Highlights from COP13/MOP36 and the World Cold Chain Symposium
IIR actively participated in the COP13/MOP36 and 2024 World Cold Chain Symposium events organised in Bangkok, Thailand, from 26 October to 1 November, hosting two side events and promoting solutions for...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Events
1 result
Other event
2026 Cryogenic Microscopy & Spectroscopy Workshop
March 23, 2026 - March 26, 2026
Brno, Czech (Republic)
Fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration & innovation in cryogenics, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
Find out more
