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IIR document
Influence of thermal properties of brown seaweeds (Saccharina Latissima) on atmospheric freeze-drying process in fluidized bed.
Cryopreservation - A fundamental underpinning technology for the development of a sustainable blue economy.
Effect of an icing medium containing the alga Fucus spiralis on the microbiological activity and lipid oxidation in chilled megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis).
Freezing and storage of seaweed.
Cold-preservation of microalgae aquaculture feeds.
Long-term preservation of microalgae in marine fish hatcheries.
Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve microalgae held at the Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universität Göttingen, Germany.
Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve polar microalgae held at the Czech Republic Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany.
Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve diverse microalgae held at the Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
Analysis of cryoprotective agent transport in the cryopreservation of algae.
Comparative value of live and frozen marine (Chlorella) for sea bream (Sparus aurata) larviculture with the pseudo green water technique.
Use of frozen and refrigerated Tetraselmis suecica for quick restoration of intensive mass culture of brachionus plicatilis (Müller).
Cryoconservation des éléments reproducteurs de macroalgues.
Cryopreservation of reproductive elements of macroalgae.
Detection and quantification of snow algae with an airborne imaging spectrometer.
Cryopreservation of a marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae).
Refrigeration sector monitoring
29 results
Global LNG continues to grow despite the crisis
The current geopolitical situation has favoured the development of new liquefaction projects as well as the growth of existing LNG export markets, according to the IGU World LNG...
China continues CO2 emission decline despite heatwaves
After a drop in Q2 of 2024, China’s CO2 emissions remain at the same level of last year’s figures, despite recent heatwaves.
Algerian air conditioner market in 2015
Algeria’s market scale in 2015 is estimated at about 356,000 units.
Algeria: hydrocarbon production decreased by 4% in 2013
However, LNG production rose by 25 million m3 in 2012.
China: a direct leap from HCFCs to natural refrigerants?
Released for public consultation in June 2015 by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection, the First Catalogue of Recommended Substitutes for HCFCs lists 12 substitutes for HCFC refrigerants, foaming agents and detergents, ten of which are...
2005 AHR Expo Innovation award winners
The winners of the third annual AHR (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration) Expo Innovation awards will be honoured during a ceremony during the 2005 AHR Expo in Orlando, Florida, on February 8, 2005. The product entries were judged for...
ICR2011 highlights: micro-refrigeration development
Micro-refrigeration development was one of the important themes of the IIR Congress in Prague.
Cryogenics 2019: NICA project aims at studying the state of matter existing shortly after the Big Bang
NICA project for a new superconducting accelerator complex in Russia attracted a lot of interest during IIR Cryogenics conference in Prague, in April 2019.
R32, a short-term candidate to replace R22 in China?
HFC-32 attracted attention during ICR2011 in Prague: it was the subject of 12 papers. It is the main component of HFC-410A with which it shares similar thermodynamic properties, but at a lower price and with a lower GWP (675).
Continued increase in global LNG trade in 2019
The global Liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has continued to increase in 2019, with export growth coming from the USA, Russia, Australia, Algeria and Egypt. Asia Pacific and Asia remain the largest importing...
ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors
Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...
IIR working group releases position paper on contraindications to Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC)
A panel of 28 European experts were consulted to generate an international consensus on the updated contraindications to WBC with controlled feedback from the IIR Working Group on Whole-Body Cryostimulation as a...
Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets
Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...
USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals
In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.
Frozen fruit in perfect condition for up to three years
A new technology allows, for the first time, to freeze fruit for three years while keeping its nutrients and properties at optimal levels.
IIR news
40 results
Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue!
Available in print and PDF version, in the IIR 2016/2017 Publications Catalogue you will find our latest and staple publications (including IIR conference proceedings), reference documents, and a list of all our Information Services.
Briefs: Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011
The Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011 is now available! Order it via iif-iir@iifiir.org or surf on www.iifiir.org to order the IIR's latest publications.
Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018
Regrouping the newest publications and works of the IIR in all fields of refrigeration, the IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018 is now available.
New IIR publications: Publications Catalogue 2009-2010
A new Publications Catalogue 2009-2010 has been published and will be disseminated during conferences and shows. You can also select and order books on line: www.iifiir.org
Find the content of the IIR website in all languages!
Did you know ? Most Internet browsers have built-in translation tools. The IIR explains how to do this, so that you can read its content in all languages!
Upcoming IIR Conference: Prague (CryoPrague 2006)
Check out the accepted papers and register now for Cryogenics 2006 - CryoPrague 2006, July 17-21, 2006 in Prague, Czech Republic. icaris@icaris.cz
ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success
The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...
Conferences: Prague
CryoPrague brought together Cryogenics (one of a series of IIR conferences), ICEC 21 (International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21) and the International Cryogenic Material Conference (ICMC 2006) for the first time in July 2006. CryoPrague...
Upcoming conferences: CryoPrague
CryoPrague to be held on July 17-21, 2006 comprises Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 IIR co-sponsored conferences, International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21), International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC' 06). This...
Conference update: Prague
Cryogenics 2008 will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low temperatures and air gases in industry and...
Cryogenics 2008, to be held in Prague on April 22-25, 2008, will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low...
Upcoming conference: CryoPrague
CryoPrague to be held on July 17-21, 2006 comprises Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 co-sponsored conferences, International CryogenicEngineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21), International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC'06). Deadlines:...
IIR Conference: Prague
Prague , Czech Republic , is to host three cryogenic conferences, Cryoprague 2006, on July 17-21, 2006 : Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 conferences to be co-sponsored, International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21),...
International events: Shanghai and Prague
Two important Conferences on cryogenics took place in April 2008: the IIR co-sponsored conference ICCR2008 in Shanghai, China on April 6-9 and the IIR conference Cryogenics 2008 in Prague, Czech Republic, on April 22-25. The history of cryogenics...
International events: HCFCs
A national conference on HCFCs took place in Algiers, Algeria, on March 18, 2008, organized by Mr Ahmed Chikouche, Delegate of Algeria to the IIR, in order to raise the awareness of decision-makers and to discuss HCFC replacement solutions in...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
12 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Events
2 results
IIR event
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
