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IIR document

Influence of thermal properties of brown seaweeds (Saccharina Latissima) on atmospheric freeze-drying process in fluidized bed.

• Author(s) : TOLSTOREBROV I., EIKEVIK T. M., SAETHER M.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryopreservation - A fundamental underpinning technology for the development of a sustainable blue economy.

• Author(s) : DAY J. G.
• Publication date: 2016/09/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Workshop on cold applications in life sciences.
• Formats : PDF

Effect of an icing medium containing the alga Fucus spiralis on the microbiological activity and lipid oxidation in chilled megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis).

• Author(s) : MIRANDA J. M., TRIGO M., BARROS-VELÁZQUEZ J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 59

IIR document

Freezing and storage of seaweed.

• Author(s) : NORDTVEDT T. S., STEVANT P., INDERGÅRD E.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cold-preservation of microalgae aquaculture feeds.

• Author(s) : TREDICI M. R., CHINI-ZITTELLI G., MONTAINI E.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Long-term preservation of microalgae in marine fish hatcheries.

• Author(s) : ZMORA O., LUBZENS E., SUKENIK A.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve microalgae held at the Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universität Göttingen, Germany.

• Author(s) : HARDING K., MULLER J., LORENZ M., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/01
• Languages : English
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 29 - n. 1

Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve polar microalgae held at the Czech Republic Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany.

• Author(s) : ELSTER J., LUKAVSKY J., HARDING K., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/01
• Languages : English
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 29 - n. 1

Deployment of the encapsulation/dehydration protocol to cryopreserve diverse microalgae held at the Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

• Author(s) : LUKESOVA A., HROUZEK P., HARDING K., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/01
• Languages : English
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 29 - n. 1

IIR document

Analysis of cryoprotective agent transport in the cryopreservation of algae.

• Author(s) : TANAKA J. Y., DILLER K. R., WALSH J. R., et al.
• Publication date: 1999/09/19
• Languages : English
• Source: 20^th International Congress of Refrigeration: Refrigeration into the Third Millennium.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryoconservation des éléments reproducteurs de macroalgues.

Cryopreservation of reproductive elements of macroalgae.

• Author(s) : ARBAULT S., KAAS R.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : French
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Use of frozen and refrigerated Tetraselmis suecica for quick restoration of intensive mass culture of brachionus plicatilis (Müller).

• Author(s) : PAPANDROULAKIS N., DIVANACH P., HATZIATHANASIOU A., CHINI-ZITTELLI G., BENGOA-RUIGOMEZ M. V., KENTOURI M.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparative value of live and frozen marine (Chlorella) for sea bream (Sparus aurata) larviculture with the pseudo green water technique.

• Author(s) : PAPANDROULAKIS N., KENTOURI M., STEFANAKIS S., TREDICI M., DIVANACH P.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

Detection and quantification of snow algae with an airborne imaging spectrometer.

• Author(s) : PAINTER T. H., DUVAL B., THOMAS W. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2001/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Appl. environ. Microbiol. - vol. 67 - n. 11

Cryopreservation of a marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata (Eustigmatophyceae).

• Author(s) : GWO J. C., CHIU J. Y., CHOU C. C., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 50 - n. 3

Global LNG continues to grow despite the crisis

The current geopolitical situation has favoured the development of new liquefaction projects as well as the growth of existing LNG export markets, according to the IGU World LNG...

• Publication date : 2022/07/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

China continues CO2 emission decline despite heatwaves

After a drop in Q2 of 2024, China’s CO2 emissions remain at the same level of last year’s figures, despite recent heatwaves. 

• Publication date : 2024/12/12
• Subjects: Environment

Algerian air conditioner market in 2015

Algeria’s market scale in 2015 is estimated at about 356,000 units.

• Publication date : 2016/09/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Algeria: hydrocarbon production decreased by 4% in 2013

However, LNG production rose by 25 million m3 in 2012.

• Publication date : 2014/02/25

China: a direct leap from HCFCs to natural refrigerants?

Released for public consultation in June 2015 by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection, the First Catalogue of Recommended Substitutes for HCFCs lists 12 substitutes for HCFC refrigerants, foaming agents and detergents, ten of which are...

• Publication date : 2015/11/11

ICR2011 highlights: micro-refrigeration development

Micro-refrigeration development was one of the important themes of the IIR Congress in Prague.

• Publication date : 2011/12/15

Cryogenics 2019: NICA project aims at studying the state of matter existing shortly after the Big Bang

NICA project for a new superconducting accelerator complex in Russia attracted a lot of interest during IIR Cryogenics conference in Prague, in April 2019.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Continued increase in global LNG trade in 2019

The global Liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has continued to increase in 2019, with export growth coming from the USA, Russia, Australia, Algeria and Egypt. Asia Pacific and Asia remain the largest importing...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

R32, a short-term candidate to replace R22 in China?

HFC-32 attracted attention during ICR2011 in Prague: it was the subject of 12 papers. It is the main component of HFC-410A with which it shares similar thermodynamic properties, but at a lower price and with a lower GWP (675).

• Publication date : 2011/12/27

ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors

Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...

• Publication date : 2012/02/21

2005 AHR Expo Innovation award winners

The winners of the third annual AHR (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration) Expo Innovation awards will be honoured during a ceremony during the 2005 AHR Expo in Orlando, Florida, on February 8, 2005. The product entries were judged for...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

The benefits of 3D printing in refrigeration and air conditioning

The various applications of 3D printing in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning highlight possible tremendous advantages in terms of energy efficiency and cost minimisation.

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Technology

Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets

Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...

• Publication date : 2021/06/29
• Subjects: Technology, Figures, economy

Frozen fruit in perfect condition for up to three years

A new technology allows, for the first time, to freeze fruit for three years while keeping its nutrients and properties at optimal levels.

• Publication date : 2014/05/13

USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals

In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.

• Publication date : 2014/12/04

Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue!

Available in print and PDF version, in the IIR 2016/2017 Publications Catalogue you will find our latest and staple publications (including IIR conference proceedings), reference documents, and a list of all our Information Services.

• Publication date : 2016/06/22

Briefs: Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011

The Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011 is now available! Order it via iif-iir@iifiir.org or surf on www.iifiir.org to order the IIR's latest publications.

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018

Regrouping the newest publications and works of the IIR in all fields of refrigeration, the IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018 is now available.

• Publication date : 2018/06/28

New IIR publications: Publications Catalogue 2009-2010

A new Publications Catalogue 2009-2010 has been published and will be disseminated during conferences and shows. You can also select and order books on line: www.iifiir.org

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Find the content of the IIR website in all languages!

Did you know ? Most Internet browsers have built-in translation tools. The IIR explains how to do this, so that you can read its content in all languages! 

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Upcoming IIR Conference: Prague (CryoPrague 2006)

Check out the accepted papers and register now for Cryogenics 2006 - CryoPrague 2006, July 17-21, 2006 in Prague, Czech Republic. icaris@icaris.cz

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Conferences: Prague

CryoPrague brought together Cryogenics (one of a series of IIR conferences), ICEC 21 (International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21) and the International Cryogenic Material Conference (ICMC 2006) for the first time in July 2006. CryoPrague...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

Upcoming conferences: CryoPrague

CryoPrague to be held on July 17-21, 2006 comprises Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 IIR co-sponsored conferences, International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21), International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC' 06). This...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Upcoming conference: CryoPrague

CryoPrague to be held on July 17-21, 2006 comprises Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 co-sponsored conferences, International CryogenicEngineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21), International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC'06). Deadlines:...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

IIR Conference: Prague

Prague , Czech Republic , is to host three cryogenic conferences, Cryoprague 2006, on July 17-21, 2006 : Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 conferences to be co-sponsored, International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21),...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008 will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low temperatures and air gases in industry and...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008, to be held in Prague on April 22-25, 2008, will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

International events: Shanghai and Prague

Two important Conferences on cryogenics took place in April 2008: the IIR co-sponsored conference ICCR2008 in Shanghai, China on April 6-9 and the IIR conference Cryogenics 2008 in Prague, Czech Republic, on April 22-25. The history of cryogenics...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

The First Students and Researchers Network!

During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2011/09/19

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG