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IIR document
Materials and components in cryogenic distillation.
Cryogenic components for a superconducting DC-rail.
An investigation on the component efficiencies of a small two-phase ejector.
Compact refrigeration system for electronics cooling based on a novel two-phase jet impingement heat sink.
Theoretical investigation of two-phase cooling cycles for electronic components in more-electric aircraft.
Identification of deteriorated components in an air separation plant and evaluating their impact on overall performance through steady state simulation.
Évaporateurs compacts pour les systèmes à sorption.
Compact evaporators for sorption systems.
A review of variable refrigerant flow HVAC system components for residential application.
Dynamic thermal behavior of double skin façade and adjacent interior comfort.
A Comprehensive Review of Composite Phase Change Materials (cPCMs) for Thermal Management Applications, Including Manufacturing Processes, Performance, and Applications.
Vapor–liquid equilibria and inter-diffusion coefficients for working pairs for absorption refrigeration systems composed of [HMIM][BF 4 ] and fluorinated propanes.
A review of thermal comfort in residential buildings: comfort threads and energy saving potential.
Experimental and numerical study of the compact heat exchanger with different microchannel shapes.
Optimización de aletas rectas rectangulares “composite” bajo condiciones de convección y radiación simultaneas usando la admitancia térmica inversa relativa.
Optimisation of longitudinal rectangular composite fins under simultaneous convection and radiation conditions using relative inverse thermal admittance.
An assessment of optimal airside heat transfer per unit friction power characteristics of compact heat exchangers.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
288 results
Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers
Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.
Supercomputer with advanced cooling system to support NASA moon missions
The new liquid-cooled Aitken supercomputer will run modeling and simulation workloads for lunar landings.
Successful test of a dilution refrigerator for quantum computers
IBM scientists have succeeded in cooling a quantum computer chip to a temperature of 25 mK using a large-scale dilution refrigerator.
The CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioning) market within the EMEA zone
The CRAC market accounts for 30,000 sold units in 2014, i.e as many as in 2013 within the EMEA zone. Like in 2013, 80% of the market is dominated by Europe.
Cooling computer chips by laser light for improved performance and energy efficiency
A US-based research consortium is working on developing a laser-based photonic cooling technology to both improve computer processor performance and either replace or complement water- and air- based cooling...
Research & Development: A cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane
A doctoral student at ETH Zurich's Functional Materials Laboratory has developed a cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane.
One million LNG-fuelled trucks in China in 2025
China’s LNG truck fleet has almost tripled since 2019 and is expected to reach over 1.2 million trucks by 2030.
The sharp increase in refrigeration needs should be better reflected in public policies
Recently released degree-day indicators confirm the steady progression of cooling needs compared to heating in the EU. Globally, energy consumption from refrigeration (including air...
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
LEGO® block structures as a solution for cryogenic temperature insulation?
British researchers have cooled LEGO® blocks at a temperature of a few mK in an experiment which reveals a possible new application for the material which composes the popular toy.
A cryogenic distillation column
A high-pressure cryogenic distillation column which replicates a key component of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant has been developed in Australia.
MAC: industrialization of the first CO2 compressors
The automotive component manufacturer Sanden confirmed that it was supplying the German car manufacturer Daimler with CO2 compressors for their mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems.
Carrier Commercial Refrigeration has opened its CO2OLacademy field training facility
Carrier Commercial Refrigeration has opened its CO2OLacademy field training facility in Germany. It aims to increase the technical knowledge and practical competencies of field technicians in Europe.
Radiative cooling: smart materials to switch from heating to cooling
Researchers have developed a radiative thermal management device, composed of several layers of reflective/absorbent materials, capable of switching between heating and cooling...
Improving adsorption cooling thanks to MOFs
Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds are porous crystalline materials composed of metal ions or metal clusters bridged by organic linking groups; they have outstanding adsorption properties, allowing for better efficiency and use on a larger...
IIR news
147 results
Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers
Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology.
The 21st European Conference on RACHP technologies is just around the corner
The 21st edition of the European Conference RACHP, co-organised by UNEP, IIR, and Centro Studi Galileo, will take place in Milano on June 12-13, 2025.
Now available : 2023 IIR Congress proceedings
Download your copy of the ICR 2023 proceedings. IIR members can download them at reduced rate.
Have your say! Complete the survey on the future IIR website
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) will develop a new version of its website and requires your help in order to better meet your needs and offer you new content and services.
FRIDOC: Our conference proceedings at very advantageous rate for members!
From March 1, the price of IIR conference proceedings will increase, but members will benefit from a very attractive discount!
Now available: ICCC 2018 conference papers and proceedings
Couldn't attend the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2018) in Beijing, China, last month? Download the conference proceedings and papers.
TPTPR2025 – the IIR’s conference on refrigerant research: Conference highlights and proceedings now available on FRIDOC
The 7th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR2025) convened leading researchers to present the latest findings on low-GWP refrigerants and advanced...
IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy
Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.
New in our Encyclopedia: additive manufacturing for refrigeration equipment
Additive manufacturing makes it possible to optimise the geometry and performance of cooling components such as heat exchangers and regenerators for caloric...
Download the new IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling
Solar cooling may have a very positive environmental impact reducing the usage of fossil fuel, and the technology is almost mature enough to compete with conventional cooling equipment.
REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants
Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.
IIR Scientific Awards
There's still time to apply!
New EU research project BETTED gets underway!
The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.
Discover the winners of the IIR Scientific Awards
Every four years during the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), the IIR offers a series of prestigious scientific awards.
OEWG-47 Side Event Highlights on International Training and Certification Standards for RACHP
The Centro Studi Galileo (CSG) and the European association of refrigeration, air conditioning with support from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and Institute For Governance & Sustainable...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
12 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
