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Expérimentation, simulation et optimisation industrielles du pré-refroidissement de choux-fleurs.
Industrial experimentation, simulation and optimization of cauliflower precooling.
Estudio experimental de la deshidratación de la flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), utilizando secado solar directo tipo gabinete e indirecto tipo tunel.
Experimental investigation on the jamaican flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) dehydration, using cabinet type direct and tunnel type indirect solar desiccation.
IIR document
Effect of indirect ice slurry cooling, low temperature transportation and different retailing methods on the circulation quality of cauliflower.
From smarties, ice-cream and flowers.
Heat pump assisted drying of flower bulbs.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Effect of different film packaging on the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during cold storage.
Three years experimental comparative analysis of a desiccant based air conditioning system for a flower greenhouse: Assessment of different desiccants.
Cryconservation of plants in Ukraine.
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: anemone, windflower./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : l'anémone, fleur du vent.
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: anemone, windflower.
Study on influencing factors of product quality of freeze-dried flowers.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Contrôle de la sénescence des fleurs coupées au moyen de l'entreposage au froid et d'adjuvants.
Control of cut flower senescence by cold storage and coadjutant techniques.
LE FROID HUMIDE APPLIQUE A LA REFRIGERATION DU CHOU-FLEUR.
HUMID COLD APPLIED TO CAULIFLOWER CHILLING.
Experimental study on vacuum freeze-drying of fresh flowers.
Cut flowers: a delicate chain.
Modelling of a pre-cooling process of cut flowers.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
640 results
Flower pot as natural bio air conditioning system.
Created by Zurich-based independent designer Thibault Faverie, Cold Pot is a terracotta pot that gradually lowers the air temperature around it through a natural evaporation process.
Le marché 2015 des pompes à chaleur en France
According to the AFPAC (French Association for Heat Pumps), 399,657 monosplit and multisplit air-to-air heat pumps were sold in 2015 in France.
A propane heat pump with compact bionic heat exchangers
In Germany, Fraunhofer has developed a propane heat pump using compact finned heat exchangers with distribution boxes whose structure is inspired by nature.
UK: a dual purpose heat pump chiller with heat recovery
A Salisbury District Hospital’s unit has recently been equipped with an innovative high efficiency heat pump chiller.
Europe 2025 heatwaves: demand for AC surges as heat-related deaths triple
Recent analyses from the World Meteorological Organization, the World Resources Institute and the Imperial College London take stock of this summer’s heatwaves in Europe.
French heat pump market situation
The total market showed an increase of sales in 2014 with a little over 192 967 units sold. This is a rise of 27% compared to 2013.
Heat pump sales in France
2013 Air-air Heat pumps (HPs) sales show significant increase
Sweden heat pump market situation
In Sweden, there were over 400,000 heat pumps in operation for space heating in 2014.
Belgium heat pump market situation
In Belgium, there were over 40,000 heat pumps in operation for space or water heating.
The global heat pumps market
The global heat pumps market is estimated at 58.3 million units in 2013 and forecasted to grow at a 2014-2020 Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.6%.
European heat pump market
The preliminary statistics on heat pump use in Europe as presented by European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) show that at least 6.8million heat pumps have been installed between 2005 and 2013, in 21 European markets.
In the European market, heat pump sales grew slightly by 3.49% in 2014, leading to a total of 796 746 units sold across Europe.
European heat pump market.
According to European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), European heat pump market grew for the third consecutive year in 2015.
France, 1st European market for heat-pumps
In 2013, the French heat-pump market was the first in Europe, before Italy, Sweden, Germany and Norway, according to statistics from the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA).
The global heat pump market in 2018
After a record increase in 2017, the global heat pump market decreased by 3.3% in volume in 2018.
IIR news
379 results
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
IIR’s historical commitment to heat pump excellence and sustainable solutions
IIR is committed to supporting, informing and connecting scientists, policymakers, manufacturers and end-users of heat pump technologies through reference publications and dedicated...
New IIR Informatory Note on high-temperature heat pumps
IRR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that high-temperature heat pumps are a key technology in the decarbonisation of process industries.
Call for papers: 2014 International Sorption Heat Pump Conference
ISHPC 2014 extends abstract deadline until September 13, 2013
Member news: Carrier launches a high-temperature heat pump with R290
Carrier introduces its first high-temperature air source heat pump designed for commercial applications, using R290 to enhance efficiency.
See you at the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference in 2024
Join this co-sponsored IIR conference on heat pumps in China set to be bigger than the first!
New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling
The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.
IIR Member news: New Mitsubishi Electric Ecodan R290 heat pumps for residential use
The new Mitsubishi Electric Ecodan R290 heat pumps provide higher capacities for residential heating, using propane as a low-GWP refrigerant and operating efficiently in low temperatures.
The importance of heat pump data for policymaking: Insights from the IEA workshop
On January 23, the IIR participated in the workshop “The importance of heat pump data for policymaking and innovation,” organised by the IEA in Paris.
New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs
Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.
50% off! Special Heat Pump Day sale on a selection of IIR publications
In celebration of Heat Pump Day 2025, we are offering a 50%-off sale from October 20 to October 24, 2025 on all IIR papers and a selection of IIR guides.
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Events
2 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Find out more
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
