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Effect of the block freeze concentration process in the casein content of skimmed goat milk.
IIR document
Revamping and expansion of milk chilling centre.
Small scale milk processing and preservation in developing countries: the case of Ethiopia; a review.
On-farm milk cooling solution based on insulated cans with integrated ice compartment.
High-temperature CO2 heat pump integration for milk powder spray drying.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Experimental performance analysis of a biogas energy assisted hybrid milk cooling system.
Analysis of CO2 based refrigeration systems with and without ejector for simultaneous pasteurization and chilling of milk.
Improving the energy efficiency and milk quality with CO2 refrigeration systems with heat recovery on New Zealand dairy farms.
Computational model of a PCM heat exchanger for on farm cooling of milk.
Performance analysis of a CO2 based milk chiller with evaporative cooling arrangement operating in hot climate.
Evaluation applicability of trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system using field data of an ammonia based plant.
Cold chain requirement for value added dairy products.
Ice water silos.
CFD analysis of dairy cold room: a case study.
Towards the implementation of a sustainable cold chain for the livestock value chain in Bangladesh.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
871 results
New milk refrigeration system in rural India.
In rural India, the dairy industry is very vulnerable to spoilage because of the poorly developed cold supply chain.
A new solar-powered milk cooling system could benefit small-scale dairy farmers
Researchers from the University of Hohenheim studied a solar milk cooling system which was tested in Tunisia and could be implemented in Kenya.
Sub-Saharan milk cooler project awarded USD 1 million
A University of Georgia engineer received USD 1 million to continue working on a milk cooler designed to help dairy farmers, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, who lack access to refrigeration.
Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life
A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.
Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)
A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)
Keeping dairy cows cool
In the University of California, Davis, new technologies are currently tested to cool dairy cows.
An award-winning industrial dairy using an integrated heat pump system
A recent case study examined the energy consumption and system performance of an innovative integrated heat pump system of a dairy located in Norway. This dairy was among the winning projects of the 2019 “Heat...
How to keep dairy cows cool in summer heat?
Remarkably, a Japanese underwear maker found an answer to this question.
Heat Pumps: A smart decarbonisation tool for the dairy industry
To reduce emissions and energy costs, more dairy factories are turning to industrial heat pumps.
Thailand: refrigeration needs and energy saving measures for the dairy cold chain
Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) released a comprehensive overview of operational stages, energy consumption patterns, and opportunities for efficiency improvement in Thailand’s...
Cryostimulation may improve sleep quality and mood
A recent study reveals that repeated cryostimulation exposures promote better sleep quality, increased deep sleep, and reduced anxiety, with more pronounced effects in women.
Assessing indoor air quality: Air conditioning
The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air conditioning against high CO2 levels. According to a recent KPMG study...
Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples
Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.
Assessing indoor air quality: Air cleaners
The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air-cleaner market is doing fine. According to the Environmental Protection...
GeoExchange coalition: promoting earth-energy heat pumps
A coalition for the promotion of earth-energy heat pumps, called the GeoExchange Coalition has been formed in Canada. Five electric utilities formed this coalition in an effort to significantly increase the number of annual installations for...
IIR news
391 results
Enhancing dairy sector efficiency through BETTED training
In December 2024, the IIR, Cemafroid, and other partners participated in the pilot training webinar hosted by BETTED, a key milestone in the project’s mission to promote energy...
Take part in the BETTED project survey for the dairy sector
Help this EU project map out the role of sustainability of companies in the dairy sector. The survey ends August 30.
New design for the IJR but still quality papers!
As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...
Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe
Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...
ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”
The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda.
INWIC at ICR 2023: An inspirational event in the fight for gender equality in the refrigeration sector
At ICR 2023, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) working group organised an INWIC (International Network of Women in Cooling) round table on Monday 21st August 2023. This discussion panel...
Second meeting of the IIR Working Party on LCCP Evaluation in Gaithersburg
The second meeting of the IIR Working Party on Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) Evaluation took place at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD, USA.. The minutes of the meeting and other documents can be consulted on the Web page of the working party. The...
IIR Sub-Commission D2 CERTE news
A new president and a meeting in Germany for this very active IIR Sub-Commission on test stations (refrigerated transport).
The IIR website gets a makeover
After three years of existence, the home page of the IIR website has been modernised and its content made more visible. IIR projects are given a special place of honour, with detailed pages dedicated to each of...
Member news: Latest news from Danfoss
Danfoss is improving its range of electric expansion valves and has started construction of an energy-efficient supermarket.
Discover what’s new on HFCs
The IIR expands its information services in HFCs
Member news: Latest news from Air Liquide
Air Liquid inaugurates a low-carbon hydrogen production unit and promotes the development of helium refrigeration.
ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!
The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...
IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights
Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.
Two IIR Informatory Notes on hot topics
The IIR has recently published two Informatory Notes on high-stakes subjects: flammable refrigerants and the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in refrigeration and air...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
17 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
6 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
Find out more
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Sponsored event
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
