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Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pea, snow and snap pod./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : pois.

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pea, snow and snap pod.

• Author(s) : SUSLOW T. V., CANTWELL M.
• Publication date: 2009/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Postharvest treatment, Physiological disorder, Controlled atmosphere, Temperature, Respiration, Chilling, Recommendation, Review, Pea, Vegetable, Humidity, Ethylene, Cold storage, Storage condition, Storage life
• Source: Postharvest Technol., Res. Inf. Cent. - 3 p.; tabl.

IIR document

EVALUATION DU COUT ENERGETIQUE DU PETIT POIS SURGELE.

ESTIMATION OF POWER COST FOR QUICK FROZEN PEAS.

• Publication date: 1982/05/26
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Pea, Vegetable, Freezing
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

COMPARISON BETWEEN FIXED AND FLUIDIZED BED CONTINUOUS PEA FREEZERS.

• Author(s) : REYNOSO R. O., CALVELO A.
• Publication date: 1985
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Industrial freezer, Fluidized bed, Comparison, Calculation, Pea, Fluidization, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 8 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

SENSORY QUALITY OF FROZEN PEAS IN RELATION TO MATURITY MEASUREMENTS.

• Author(s) : ATHERTON D., GAZE R. R.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Texture, Organoleptic property, Flavour, Pea, Ripening (fruit), Colour, Freezing
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: sweet pea./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : pois de senteur.

Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: sweet pea.

• Author(s) : REID M. S.
• Publication date: 2009/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Postharvest Technol., Res. Inf. Cent. - 2 p.

Refrigerated storage stability of chicken nuggets containing pea flour.

• Author(s) : SINGH O. P., SINGH J. N., BHARTI M. K., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Poultry, Flour, Modified atmosphere, Stability, Pea, Chicken, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Packaging
• Source: Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. - vol. 45 - n. 5

IIR document

PREDICTING OF SHELF LIFE FOR FROZEN GREEN PEAS STORED UNDER FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES.

• Author(s) : SWITKA J., KRUK A.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitamin C, Calculation, Temperature variation, Drip, Pea, Vegetable, Freezing, Chlorophyll
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

SOME CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF GREEN PEAS AND FRENCH BEANS FROZEN WITHOUT BLANCHING AND STORED IN A FROZEN STATE.

• Author(s) : KOSMALA Z., URBANIAK M. A., RYDZ G. A.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Blanching, Organoleptic property, Chemical property, Pea, French bean, Freezing
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The influence of different frozen storage temperature and time on nutrition quality of quick frozen green peas.

• Author(s) : LIU S., ZHANG H., CAO W., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitamin C, Temperature, Quality, Quick freezing, Sugar, Pea, Vegetable, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Chlorophyll
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INFLUENCE DU TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE, DE LA CONGELATION ET DE LA CONSERVATION PAR LE FROID SUR LA STRUCTURE ET LES MODIFICATIONS DE L'AMIDON DES PETITS POIS.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT, FREEZING AND REFRIGERATION PRESERVATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE TISSUES AND THE STARCH OF THE GREEN PEAS.

• Author(s) : BABITCHENKO L. V., KONDOVA S. N.
• Publication date: 1982/05/26
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Structure, Starch, Bulgaria, Blanching, Variety, Pea, Freezing
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE FROZEN PLANT PRODUCTS.

• Author(s) : TARAN A. A., GUDIMA A. I., KOZHUHOVA M. A.
• Publication date: 1982/05/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pea, Peroxidase, Enzyme, Freezing
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INDIVIDUAL QUICK FREEZING OF SPHERICAL FOODS.

• Author(s) : WILSON H. A., SINGH R. P.
• Publication date: 1987
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calculation, Measurement, Simulation, Pea, Fluidization, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 10 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

PROPERTIES OF AKARA (FRIED COWPEA PASTE) AS RELATED TO HEAT TRANSFER.

• Author(s) : HUNG Y. C., MCWATTERS K. H.
• Publication date: 1991/08/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal property, Pea, Dough, Modelling, Overrun
• Source: New challenges in refrigeration. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Refrigeration, August 10-17, 1991, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study of vacuum preservation freshness technology on oil cowpea storage.

• Author(s) : WANG Y., YUE S., SUN Y.
• Publication date: 2009/05/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tropical vegetable, Humidification, Vacuum, Design, Quality, Process, Pea, Cold storage
• Source: ACRA-2009. The proceedings of the 4th Asian conference on refrigeration and air conditioning: May 20-22, 2009, Taipei, R.O.C.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Freezing of some selected vegetable varieties.

• Author(s) : POPA M., MENCINICOPSCHI G.
• Publication date: 2000
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Freezing suitability, Variety, Romania, Sweet pepper, Pea, Vegetable, French bean, Testing
• Source: Advances in the Refrigeration Systems, Food Technologies and Cold Chain
• Formats : PDF

European Commission

The European Commission presented on August 1, 2008, a proposal to amend current Regulation 2037/2000 on ozone depleting substances (ODS) highlighting the interplay between both the ozone depleting and global warming effect from such substances...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

European legislation and cogeneration

COGEN Europe has issued a new briefing paper on "European Policy and Legislation affecting Cogeneration", which summarises the most important pieces of legislation relevant to the development of cogeneration in Europe. This document shows that the...

• Publication date : 2005/01/12

Refrigerant news: European Union

The European Union has agreed to provide € 400 000 funding for a German information campaign on climate friendly air-conditioning systems in cars. The campaign will be led by the environmental group Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH). "Pro Climate:...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

European minisplits: market overview

A recent analysis of the European minisplit market carried out by BSRIA forecasts steady growth overall in the next few years. Thanks to data collected from nine of the largest producers in Europe, and further interviews among other market to...

• Publication date : 2005/11/23

European cold Store benchmarking study

The European division of the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA) is carrying out a benchmarking study for the European public refrigerated warehouse industry, focusing on facility and equipment data such as capacity, order picking, handling...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Market: European heat pump market

- The European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) has published an updated version of its outlook for the European heat pump market. The report shows that after 2 years of very difficult economic times, the market decline has stopped and heat pump...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Reefer container production at its peak

Reefer container production increased greatly during 2011, beating their previous annual peak in 2008 by over 30%.

• Publication date : 2012/06/22

European Commission investigates over R1234yf patents

On December 16, 2011, the European Commission (EC) has "opened antitrust proceedings concerning agreements between Honeywell and DuPont" for the development of R1234yf for air-conditioning systems in cars. "

• Publication date : 2012/02/27

Briefs: English pears all year round

Tesco, a UK-based retailer, has announced the availability of English pears all year round. Until now, the autumn fruit, which some consider the best in the world, was only available from September-May. Tesco's biggest pear supplier, Adrian...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

European Union: Revision of EN378 standard

The European Standard "Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements" has been republished following comprehensive review. The previous version of the standard, EN378:2000, has been withdrawn and replaced by...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Trends and Figures: European food industry

The average quantity of foodstuffs consumed each year by a typical European is 530 kg, 350 kg of which is either refrigerated or quick-frozen. Therefore, 172 million tonnes of foodstuffs are transported annually under controlled-temperature...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

European Union: New energy labelling rules

New EU energy labelling rules and efficiency requirements will apply to household equipment including refrigerators and freezers, after a committee of experts approved them on March 31, 2009. The new energy labels are based on the existing A to G...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

New European ecodesign regulation for air conditioners

New European Regulation 206/2012 that sets minimal performance requirements for air-conditioners will enter into force in January 2013.

• Publication date : 2012/09/18
• Subjects: Regulation

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council, set up on May 3, 2005, forms the basis for coordinated intermodal research strategy for Europe. Composed of some 50 key players from large intermodal businesses, intermodal rail and road...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Trends and Figures: European dairy products

Recent figures show that Europe, with a 42% share in the worldwide market, is the largest market for dairy products. The cheese market accounted for 50% of European sales in 2007. The global market for dairy products is expected to reach USD 305...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson

Dr S  Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

International events: European Central Asia

The European Central Asia network of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) held its 7th annual meeting in Tirana, Albania. It was focused on the phase-out of CFCs in Metered-Dose Inhalants (MDIs) and the replacement of HCFCs in foams and...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

The IIR website gets a makeover

After three years of existence, the home page of the IIR website has been modernised and its content made more visible. IIR projects are given a special place of honour, with detailed pages dedicated to each of...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

New European projects for the IIR

In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.

• Publication date : 2016/02/24

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

IIR takes part in RACHP European Conference

The 20th European RACHP Conference of Centro Studi Galileo was held in Milan at the beginning of June. The IIR presented the women in cooling brochure and held a booth to promote the projects ENOUGH...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

The IIR announces role in European "REAL Alternatives" programme.

The International of Refrigeration is pleased to announce its role in a new European learning programme “REAL Alternatives” that will address skills shortages amongst technicians working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector.

• Publication date : 2013/12/01

The IIR remains a key partner in European refrigeration projects

In line with its international activities, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is currently a partner of three European research projects focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technology.

• Publication date : 2018/10/08

The European Union project Cryohub in Beijing

The IIR organised a well-attended CryoHub workshop at the 5th International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in Beijing on April 7th.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

First European field study on food cold chain carried out by the Frisbee consortium

Four Frisbee project partners will conduct a major field study in four representative European countries this Summer

• Publication date : 2012/05/15

IIR Director General, Didier Coulomb, to be a Keynote Speaker at the IOR Annual Conference 2021

Set to demonstrate how the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sectors are responding to the challenge of net zero heating and cooling, this year, the IOR Annual Conference will be held entirely...

• Publication date : 2021/04/01

IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials

Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: Environment

The IIR’s ICCC 2024 conference ended successfully!

Successful Conclusion of the 8th International Institute of Refrigeration Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain.

• Publication date : 2024/06/27

What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!

In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.

• Publication date : 2015/07/21

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction