Search results

Design and construction of an evaporative cooling system for the storage of fresh tomato.

• Author(s) : ZAKARI M. D., ABUBAKAR Y. S., MUHAMMAD Y. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Source: ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences - vol. 11 - n. 4

Evolución de las temperaturas en el enfriamiento y procesado de uva de mesa en dos regímenes de trabajo.

Evolution of temperatures during cooling and processing of table grapes in two work regimes.

• Author(s) : CASTILLO S., GARCÍA-PASTOR M. E., VALVERDE J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on phase change cool storage of pinggu peach.

• Author(s) : WANG M., ZANG R.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

Active cardboard box with smart internal lining based on encapsulated essential oils for enhancing the shelf life of refrigerated fresh nectarines.

• Author(s) : ROS-CHUMILLAS M., BUENDIA-MORENO L., SANCHEZ-MARTINEZ M. J., ANTOLINOS V., NAVARRO SEGURA L., MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ G. B., LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : English
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

A Simple Combination of Active and Intelligent Packaging Based on Garlic Extract and Indicator Solution in Extending and Monitoring the Meat Quality Stored at Cold Temperature.

• Author(s) : DIRPAN A., DJALAL M., AINANI A. F.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Foods - vol. 11 - n. 10
• Formats : PDF

Air dehumidification using ionic liquid-based fiber bundle membrane contactor.

• Author(s) : TURNAOGLU T., KUMAR N., PATEL V. K., GLUESENKAMP K. G.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

POSTHARVEST CONTROL OF ALTERNARIA ROT ON LEMONS.

• Author(s) : MENNITI A. M., BIONDI G.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fungicide, Rot, Citrus fruit, Mould, Chilling, Lemon
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ETIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF MUCOR ROT IN COLD-STORED APPLES.

• Author(s) : COMBRINK J. C., GROBBELAAR C. J.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fungicide, Rot, Chlorine, Mould, Chilling, Apple
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

PRESTORAGE, HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENT FOR THE CONTROL OF SCLEROTINIA PSEUDOTUBEROSA (REHM) ROT IN CHESTNUTS.

• Author(s) : BERTOLINI P., TONINI G.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Rot, Chilling, Organoleptic property, Chestnut, CO2
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

USE OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES TO CONTROL STORAGE ROT OF CARROT CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM.

• Author(s) : REELEDER R. D.
• Publication date: 1989
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Physiological disorder, Rot, Carrot, Modified atmosphere, Chilling, Vegetable
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 12 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

Efektywnosc kaptanu w zwalczaniu gorzkiej zgniklizny jablek (Pezicula spp.).

Efficiency of Captan in the control of bull's eye rot of apples (Pezicula spp.).

• Author(s) : BRYK H.
• Publication date: 2003
• Languages : Polish
• Keywords : Postharvest treatment, Rot, Variety, Apple, Cold storage, Control (generic), Fruit
• Source: Zesz. naukowe Inst. Sadow. Kwiac. - vol. 11

IIR document

ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DE LA VARIETE ET DU FONGICIDE SUR L'EVOLUTION DE LA POURRITURE DES POMMES A PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM.

STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIETY AND FUNGICIDE TREATMENTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM ROT IN APPLES.

• Author(s) : PLAZA J. L. de la
• Publication date: 1982/05/26
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Postharvest treatment, Fungicide, Rot, Mould, Apple, Penicillium
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INFLUENCE OF REFRIGERATION DELAY ON THE ROT GROWTH RATE OF MONILINIA LAXA AND RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS AND ON THE RIPENING AND WEIGHT LOSS OF PLUM FRUITS.

• Author(s) : TONINI G., BERTOLINI P., BRIGATI S.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Precooling, Rot, Mould, Chilling, Organoleptic property, Plum, Weight loss, Ripening (fruit), Fruit
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cold storage of different melon cultivars: effects on quality, rots, and chilling injuries.

• Author(s) : BRIGATI S., CACCIONI D. R. L.
• Publication date: 1994/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and the Quality of Fresh Vegetables.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURES ON EARLY SPROUTING AND DISEASES OF ONION BULBS.

• Author(s) : BERTOLINI P., TONINI G., FOLCHI A.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Germination, Rot, Mould, Chilling, Onion, Dormancy
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Behold the 9-day fresh strawberry: new approach to slowing rot doubles berry shelf life

A study has demonstrated that low irradiance ultra-violet (UV) light directed at strawberries over long exposure periods at low temperature and very high humidity (typical home refrigerator conditions) delays spoilage.

• Publication date : 2013/09/04

HFO1234ze prototypes finally released

The prototype is said to be suitable for outdoor air-cooled chiller applications

• Publication date : 2012/03/21

Montreal Protocol news

- Malaysia expects to phase-out HCFCs by 2030 "Malaysia is expected to completely phase out the consumption of HCFCs by 2030 as scheduled", Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Douglas Uggah Embas said recently. He presented a...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

New port terminal in Rotterdam

A group of companies recently announced in the presence of the Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture that a new port primarily dedicated to the storage, transfer and transportation of foodstuffs is to be operational in Rotterdam in 2014.

• Publication date : 2013/04/26

The Montreal Protocol pays off

According to a recent UNEP report, the ozone layer is recovering. It could be restored to its initial state from 2040, except in Antarctica and the Arctic. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

Kyoto Protocol: ratification status

The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce greenhouse gas (including HFC) emissions in developed countries by at least 5% with respect to the 1990 levels, during the period 2008-2012. The Kyoto Protocol was open for signature as of March 16, 1998 and will...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

2004 Climate Protection Award

Since 1998, the Climate Protection Award is awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of achievements in protecting the Earth's climate. On April 13, 2004, this award was presented to 12 international individuals and...

• Publication date : 2004/05/25

US Environmental Protection Agency

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing new Energy Star requirements - effective as of January 1, 2010 - for commercial refrigerators and freezers, which, on average, will be 33% more energy efficient than standard models. Under...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Testing a prototype outdoor air conditioner using liquid nitrogen

In September 2022, a start-up is testing a prototype outdoor air conditioning system using liquid nitrogen in a few restaurants.

• Publication date : 2022/09/19
• Subjects: Technology

Ozone layer issues: Montreal Protocol

A recent policy article recommends "further adjustments to strengthen the Montreal Protocol and provide further insurance against the threat of abrupt climate change". According to the authors, "the Montreal Protocol's successful work to protect...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Honey is an efficient natural cryoprotectant in fertility preservation

While several review articles point to the need for new, effective and less toxic cryoprotectants, honey has proven to be an effective non-penetrating...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Technology

The US Environmental Protection Agency

- The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made available to the public for comment information concerning the current and projected use of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b. EPA foresees using this information in the future when developing regulations....

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Briefs: solar air-conditioning prototype

As part of the European programme Solera, CEA LITEN researchers recently set up a 4.5-kW solar air-conditioning prototype in the facilities of the INES (French National Institute of Solar Energy) in Chambéry in the French Alps, where the system...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy

A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Edible carrot films display food packaging potential

Barrier properties exhibited by carrot-based edible films demonstrate potential for their use as packaging for a variety of food types, according to recent research from China.

• Publication date : 2011/12/27

UNEP events: the Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol: Celebrating 20 Years of Progress The Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will celebrate the 20th Anniversary of the signature of this landmark international treaty, which is widely...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Member news: Ultra-low temperatures. NIST creates a more efficient pulse-tube refrigerator prototype

American researchers have created a prototype pulse-tube refrigerator that significantly reduces the time and energy required to reach temperatures close to absolute zero: an exciting advance for the quantum...

• Publication date : 2024/06/27

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials

Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: Environment

Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges

The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.  

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.

• Publication date : 2021/02/23

Conference reports: Baotou

The 4th IIR Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration (Thermag IV) took place in Baotou, China, on August 23-28, 2010. Almost 120 attendees participated in this conference and new work closer to the market will be launched (see the Focus).

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Conference update: Baotou

The 4th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag IV) is to take place in Baotou, China, on August 23-27, 2010. Don't miss this fourth cutting-edge event in the series!

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

IIR engages in COP13/MOP36 and COP29 to highlight the key role of sustainable refrigeration for all in handling climate change

Two major events in the fight against climate change and protecting the future of our planet, COP13/MOP36 and COP29, are held in October and November. The IIR is taking part in these United Nations conferences...

• Publication date : 2024/10/31
• Subjects: General information, Regulation, Environment

Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions

This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 31

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-31) in Rome (November 4-8,...

• Publication date : 2020/04/03
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation, Environment

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 28

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-28) in Kigali...

• Publication date : 2020/03/29
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation, Environment

IIR in Bangkok: Highlights from COP13/MOP36 and the World Cold Chain Symposium

IIR actively participated in the COP13/MOP36 and 2024 World Cold Chain Symposium events organised in Bangkok, Thailand, from 26 October to 1 November, hosting two side events and promoting solutions for...

• Publication date : 2024/11/27
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics