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Effect of pre-cooler on supply and return air of air curtain in display cabinet.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG W., GONG Y., LU Y.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Return air, Precooling, Display cabinet, Temperature, Air curtain, Expérimentation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 156
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Regional flow motion and heat energy balance analysis of a 10,000 class pharmaceutical cleanroom with secondary return air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : ZHAO F. Y., CHENG J., LIU B., HUANG Z. R., ZHANG Y. J., LI X.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Clean room, Return air, CFD, Modelling, Pharmaceutical industry, Air quality, Simulation, Air change, Ventilation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 129
• Formats : PDF

Investigation on an improved heat pump AC system with the view of return air utilization and anti-fogging for electric vehicles.

• Author(s) : ZHANG G., ZOU H., QIN F., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/03/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Return air, Electric vehicle, Air curtain, Heat pump, Performance, Modelling, Mobile air conditioning, Air conditioning
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 115

Return fans or relief fans: how to choose?

• Author(s) : KETTLER J.
• Publication date: 2004/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ventilation, Fan, Design, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 46 - n. 4

A new dehumidification design method of primary return air-conditioning system.

• Author(s) : MIAO X., WANG Q., PENG F.
• Publication date: 2006/05/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Return air, Heat balance, Dehumidification, Calculation, Process, Air conditioning
• Source: ACRA-2006. Proceedings of the 3rd Asian conference on refrigeration and air conditioning.

Air conditioning system design and analysis of a theatre auditorium.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU Y.
• Publication date: 2013/03
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Return air, China, Design, Auditorium, Case study, Air conditioning
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 43 - n. 275
• Formats : PDF

France: refrigeration (excluding air conditioning) accounts for almost 11% of electricity consumption

According to the CEREN, energy production in the refrigeration sector accounts for 52 TWh in total annual electric energy consumption:

• Publication date : 2014/01/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Employment in the French refrigeration sector

A recent study by AGEFOS PME, a socio-economic monitoring centre, has provided data on the French refrigeration sector and its employees. The sector comprises 1900 companies and employs 25 700 persons.

• Publication date : 2013/05/22

Brief: Jean Jacquin

Jean Jacquin has been appointed as President of AREA (Air conditioning and Refrigeration European Association) which brings together 14 national professional organizations in Europe. J. Jacquin is also President of SNEFCCA (Syndicat National des...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

France: The HFC tax plan defered to January 1, 2019.

A video excerpt of the French finance commission informs the debate on taxes on HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/11/02
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Environment

France: the government recently published several documents on HFC regulations (in French)

On November 22, 2017, the French Ministry of Ecological and Solidarity-based Transition (Ministère de la Transition énergétique et solidaire) published two documents which summarise the different regulations on HFCs at different levels...

• Publication date : 2017/12/01
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

French heat pump market situation

The total market showed an increase of sales in 2014 with a little over 192 967 units sold. This is a rise of 27% compared to 2013.

• Publication date : 2016/02/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global air conditioning market study in 2015

The global market contracted by 5% in value terms in 2015 whereas the market had shown a growth of 7% in 2014.

• Publication date : 2016/06/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

African air-conditioning market: figures

According to JARN, total air-conditioner demand in Africa was around 2.6 million units in 2012, representing 2.7% of the global air-conditioner market.

• Publication date : 2013/09/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Employment in the refrigeration sector in France (in French)

Figures from Snefcca, the French national trade union in the sector, highlight the good health of employment in the area of refrigeration, professional kitchen equipment and air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

Expansion of cold chain facilities in hot countries

Effective cold-chain logistics are essential for the economic growth of hot countries. In Africa, Asia, as well as the Middle East, various stakeholders are engaged in setting up cold storage refrigeration warehouses and temperature-controlled...

• Publication date : 2020/02/27
• Subjects: Developing country

India: The challenges of life-cycle refrigerant management

In May 2023, the CEEW published a study examining the current status of refrigerant recovery, recycling, reuse, and destruction in India.

• Publication date : 2023/08/07
• Subjects: Environment

Inefficient R22 air conditioners dumped in Africa

According to a recent report, 35% of room air conditioners (RAC) sold in ten African countries are low efficiency RACs. RACs containing R22 account for 47% of the market, while 49% contain R410A.Setting minimum...

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

The environmental benefits of evaporative cooling

An Eurovent study shows that evaporative cooling could help save up to 56,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year in the future in the European Union. Evaporative cooling is present in half of the projects presented by the eight Global Cooling Prize...

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia

East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country

Heat pump sales in France

2013 Air-air Heat pumps (HPs) sales show significant increase

• Publication date : 2014/07/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IJR Editorial: The IIR on the board of the international network of women in cooling

Women are significantly and visibly under-represented in the refrigeration industry. A preliminary evaluation has demonstrated that around 6% of women are members of national refrigeration and air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2023/01/09

EPTA S.P.A. continues to grow in Germany with the acquisition of heifo refrigeration activities

The European expansion of one of the leading companies in commercial refrigeration continues with an increasingly capillary service for its customers in the north of Germany.

• Publication date : 2023/10/02
• Subjects: Technology

World Refrigeration Day 2020

The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...

• Publication date : 2020/06/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

CRH 2015 - China Refrigeration 2015

Continued focus on providing persistent improvement and innovation in the HVAC&R industry. Highlights included a Demonstration Pavilion for cold chain solutions, Ozone2Climate Roadshow & Roundtable, and a side-event covering EU F-gas...

• Publication date : 2015/04/15

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 31

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-31) in Rome (November 4-8,...

• Publication date : 2020/04/03
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country, Environment

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project

This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

World Refrigeration Day 2020

World Refrigeration Day 2020: Contribute to the promotion and raising awareness of the HVACR sector

• Publication date : 2020/03/03

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

Take part in the BETTED project survey for the dairy sector

Help this EU project map out the role of sustainability of companies in the dairy sector. The survey ends August 30.

• Publication date : 2024/06/18
• Subjects: Environment, General information

IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic

To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

IIR Women in Refrigeration Award at ICR 2023

During the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration in Paris in August 2023, a brand new award will be presented: the IIR Women in Refrigeration Award. It will reward exceptional scientific work...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Member news: Latest news from Air Liquide

Air Liquid inaugurates a low-carbon hydrogen production unit and promotes the development of helium refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2021/02/23

IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy

Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.

• Publication date : 2014/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs