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IIR document

Control of Curie temperature (Tc) with hydrogenation in La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 shaped by spark plasma sintering (SPS).

• Author(s) : FUJINAKA T., WATANABE N., FUJITA A., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Lanthanum, Temperature, Silicon, Magnetic property, Material, Hydrogen, Iron, Expérimentation, Magnetocaloric effect, Curie
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Curie temperature effect on the inverse MCE in Ni2MnIn based Heusler alloys near room temperature.

• Author(s) : BENNATI C., FABBRICI S., CABASSI R., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Metal, Manganese, Heat transfer, Alloy, Indium, Nickel, Expérimentation, Magnetocaloric effect, Curie, Magnetic field
• Source: 8^th International Conference on Caloric Cooling (Thermag VIII). Proceedings: Darmstadt, Germany, September 16-20, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulation of solar Curie wheel using NiFe alloy and Gd.

• Author(s) : ALVES C. S., COLMAN F. C., FOLEISS G. L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 37 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Approaching all-temperature-ranges giant magnetocaloric materials by establishing a broad curie-temperature window.

• Author(s) : LIU E., WANG W., CHEN J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Influence of high-pressure heat treatment on magnetic and magnetocaloric effects in La_0.75Sr_0.25Mn_0.9Co_0.1O₃.

• Author(s) : JIN X., ZHAO J., GAO L., MA H., CHAO L., GAO H., O H., ZHU H., LI Q., XU J., LI Y., O T.
• Publication date: 2024/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Composite, Magnetocaloric effect, High pressure, Temperature, Curie, Expérimentation, Calculation
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Caloric Cooling and Applications of Caloric Materials
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Interstitial modification of La(Fe,Si)13 phase by acid solutions.

• Author(s) : EGGERT B. G. F., SOUZA P., BEZ H. N., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric material, Lanthanum, Alloy, Silicon, Powder, Hydrogen, Iron, Expérimentation, Curie
• Source: 8^th International Conference on Caloric Cooling (Thermag VIII). Proceedings: Darmstadt, Germany, September 16-20, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Research on the corrosion and magnetic properties of La(Fe, Si)₁₃H_Y/10Co4Cr-WC composite prepared by plasma spraying.

• Author(s) : CHENG J., LIU C., LI Z., HUANG J., YOU C., JIU P., ZHANG Y., GUO Y., DAI M., GAO L., WANG P., PEI H.
• Publication date: 2024/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric material, Corrosion, Phase, Curie, Temperature, Thickness, Composite, Entropy, Expérimentation
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Caloric Cooling and Applications of Caloric Materials
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on material arrangement of multi-layered active magnetic regenerator with lanthanum compound materials.

• Author(s) : HANAOKA Y., MATSUBAYASHI D., KAWANAMI T., HITOSHI KANEKO G., FUKUDA J., KUME T.
• Publication date: 2024/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Magnetocaloric cooling, AMR, Temperature variation, Curie, Expérimentation
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Caloric Cooling and Applications of Caloric Materials
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Some aspects of scaling and universality in magnetocaloric materials.

• Author(s) : SMITH A., NIELSEN K. K., BAHL C. R. H.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Temperature, Adiabatic magnetization, Simulation, Magnetic property, Material, Entropy, Curie, Magnetic field
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison between simulation and measurements of an apparatus for a thermomagnetic motor.

• Author(s) : HITOSHI KANEKO G., COCCI DE SOUZA A., KAWANAMI T.
• Publication date: 2024/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric cooling, Heat source, Curie, Temperature, Engine, Comparison, Simulation, Waste heat, Heat exchanger
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Caloric Cooling and Applications of Caloric Materials
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Magnetic properties of FeNi alloys for high-temperature thermomagnetic power generation.

• Author(s) : LIU J., LONG Y., BAI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09/16
• Languages : English
• Source: 8^th International Conference on Caloric Cooling (Thermag VIII). Proceedings: Darmstadt, Germany, September 16-20, 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

High-temperature hydrogenation behaviors and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe11.6Si1.4 compound.

• Author(s) : TANG Y., CHEN Y., ZHENG H., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Optimisation énergétique et environnementale de l'intégration des matériaux de stockage dans les systèmes de réfrigération.

Energetic and environmental optimization of storage material introduction in cooling system.

• Author(s) : DUFOUR T.
• Publication date: 2017/12
• Languages : French
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance optimisation of room temperature magnetic refrigerator with layered/multi-material microchannel regenerators.

• Author(s) : KAMRAN M. S., ALI H., FARHAN M., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 68
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Scale up of MnFePSi materials in a broad temperature range and manufacturing of advanced heat exchanger structures.

• Author(s) : DÖTZ F., ASTEN D. van, BARRERA-MEDRANO D., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Cool groceries

If you're fed up waiting for your groceries to be delivered, here's what you need: a Shopbox. Featuring 3 compartments (ambient, chilled and frozen), Shopbox can hold up to a week's groceries and has a locking system. Developed by Archbold...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

UK: frozen food could contribute to food security

A BFFF report concluded that by increasing frozen food consumption, the UK could reduce food waste, boost food affordability and lessen the environmental impact of food, all of which would subsequently contribute to improved food security.

• Publication date : 2015/09/28

Zero refrigerant in occupied spaces thanks to Hybrid-VRF air-conditioning system.

Mitsubishi Electric launches a Hybrid-VRF (HVRF) air-conditioning system which uses no refrigerant within a buildings' occupied spaces.

• Publication date : 2013/10/04

Cold stores safety and energy consumption

During the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, held in Yokohama in August 2015, two valuable papers focused on cold store energy consumption and safety issues.

• Publication date : 2016/03/11

Food safety: the problems caused by condensation

Some advice to prevent or remove condensation, often involved in food contamination.

• Publication date : 2017/04/28

Propane air conditioners: improving leakage safety

The latest research and developments in leakage safety of R290 air conditioners are presented in several articles recently published in the IJR. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives

Refrigerant safety standards high on global agenda.

At the international level, many discussions are currently focusing on the necessity to revise safety standards in order to adapt them to refrigerants classified as mildly flammable or flammable. China and India invest themselves.

• Publication date : 2017/02/02
• Subjects: Regulation

IIR conference on HFOs: Energy efficiency and safety in the spotlight

Energy efficiency and safety were at the heart of the very successful first IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants, which took place on September 2-5, 2018 in Birmingham, UK.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

Package indicators to help increase food safety

Chromatic Technologies Inc. (CTI) has developed inks that provide reminders when a product has been out of refrigeration and temperature has started to rise.

• Publication date : 2013/10/23

Publication of an update on new refrigerants designations and safety classifications.

UN Environment and ASHRAE recently published a fact sheet to provide an update on ASHRAE Standards 34, which lists the designations of refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2017/03/17
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

HACCP food safety plans must be improved

HACCP has the top non-conformity figures globally across certified sites, according to a British Retail Consortium (BRC) report.

• Publication date : 2014/02/19

Making ammonia systems safer

Andy Pearson’s keynote presentation at the 2013 IIR Ammonia Refrigeration Technology conference concludes that safety hazards related to ammonia could be mitigated through the correct design of systems, based on real health and safety issues.

• Publication date : 2013/10/01

Australia adopts ISO refrigeration safety standards

Australia adopted international refrigeration safety ISO standards.

• Publication date : 2017/03/06
• Subjects: Regulation

A new safety standard for American refrigerators

A new US standard allows household fridges and freezers to use up to 150 grams of hydrocarbon refrigerants instead of the current limit of 57 grams.

• Publication date : 2017/05/12
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Refrigerated self-driving grocery stores in San Francisco

At the last Consumer Electronic Show (CES) in Las Vegas in January, the Robomart start-up presented refrigerated self-driving stores equipped with shelves to stock fresh products.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

A new Master’s for food security

In September 2013, the Polytechnic Institute of LaSalle in Beauvais, France launched a Master degree in the “Management of Food Safety in Cities”, certified by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and partnered with the IIR.

• Publication date : 2014/02/05

First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety

During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Refrigeration Safety Working Group Congress meeting

Refrigeration Safety Working Group Congress meeting ICR 2019 offers opportunities for industry experts to meet and discuss improvements in refrigeration safety. With the upcoming...

• Publication date : 2019/08/07

Focus on Refrigeration Safety: IIR re-inaugurates Working Group

The IIR Working Group now on “Refrigeration Safety” will soon be relaunched and is ready to welcome a new chairperson.

• Publication date : 2018/03/14

IIR to launch online Newsletter “IIR Refrigeration News”

With the aim of providing high quality and accurate news and information swiftly, the IIR will soon launch its online monthly newsletter “IIR Refrigeration News”.

• Publication date : 2018/03/19

ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!

The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Member news: Automated order-pickup kiosks use containers from Carrier Transicold

Member news: grocery kiosks are being set up in Estonia. The CO2 refrigeration system is supplied by Carrier Transicold. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/12

Professionals, participate in a questionnaire on the cold chain of COVID-19 vaccines (in French)

The AFF (French Association of Refrigeration) has just posted a short online questionnaire for vaccines cold chain professionals in order to enrich the work of its...

• Publication date : 2021/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation, Technology

IIR member news: Linde

Linde uses cryogenic freezing to improve cuts.

• Publication date : 2014/10/21

Call for abstracts now open: Cryogenics Conference 2021

The Programme Committee of the 16th IIR Conference on Cryogenics kindly invites authors to submit their abstracts by February 10, 2021!

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

STEF-TFE opens largest cold store in Madrid

New site cuts energy consumption by 15% with innovative energy storage system during off-peak hours

• Publication date : 2011/12/08

Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference

Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.

• Publication date : 2019/07/02

Editorial by Eric Granryd

The IIR is by no means a young organization- it will soon celebrate its 100th anniversary- but is using modern management approaches. Thus, earlier this year the IIR formed a new independent committee to examine achievements arising from the...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)