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The emission gap report 2017.
Unchecked. The fluorochemical industry's scandalous HFC-23 by-product emissions amid the climate crisis.
IIR document
Emission testing of a transport refrigeration unit.
Qatar's National Emission Inventory Report 2019.
Evaluating the impact of electrification on emissions in refrigerated transport.
A Review on Carbon Emissions of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete as a Building Construction Material.
Recommended by the IIR
Emissions Gap Report 2021.
Emissions Gap Report 2020.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cold Chains in Agrifood Systems.
Emissions Gap Report 2024
Emissions Gap Report 2022.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Comprehensive analysis of refrigerant R134a: Implications for estimating and managing greenhouse gas emissions.
A comparative assessment of food chain emissions from Norway, UK, Germany and Italy.
Grey-box fault models and applications for low carbon emission CO2 refrigeration system.
CO2 emissions from air conditioning, 57th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
512 results
China’s HFC emissions account for more than 20% of global emissions of these gases
According to a recent study, emissions from key refrigerants have sharply increased, highlighting the need for stronger regulatory measures.
Emissions Gap Report 2024: the role of refrigeration in reducing emissions
In its latest report, UNEP outlines the potential for emissions reduction in various sectors, including energy efficiency measured in the buildings sector.
Japan: snow cooling created greater CO2 emissions
An experiment to ship snow from the north of Japan to help reduce the air conditioning load in Tokyo has created CO2 emissions three times greater than the emissions reduction achieved.
GHG emissions in international marine shipping.
GHG emissions from international shipping increased by 9.6% between 2012 and 2018, according to the Fourth Greenhouse Gas Study published in 2020 by the International Maritime Organization. HFC and HCFC...
Unreported HFC-23 emissions
A report published in Geophysical Research Letters says that Western Europe's emissions of HFC-23 are around twice as high as the officially reported level within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol.
HFC emissions data
By using atmospheric measurements, the authors of a recent study published in the PNAS have found that the total CO2-equivalent emissions of the five most common HFCs increased from 198 (175–221) Tg-CO2-eq·y–1 in 2007 to 275 (246–304)...
Reducing emissions from China’s refrigeration sector
According to a recent report by the Economist Intelligence Unit, China is responsible for about one third of global emissions from refrigeration. The report presents scenarios for...
HFCs: projected emissions
Two recent studies on projected emissions of HFCs have been published: - US: according to the June 2010 US Climate Action report under the UNFCCC, from 2005 through 2020, total US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to rise by 4% under a...
Europe: GHG emissions
Starting in 2005, the European Union is to introduce a greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions trading scheme imposing a cap on carbon-dioxide emissions from 15 000 installations across Europe. In the UK, the scheme will cover 46% of total emissions and...
France: refrigerant demand and emissions data
According to the Refrigerant Emissions Inventory – Year 2010 published by Mines ParisTech/Armines/ERIE at the request of French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), total refrigerant demand was 10 224 tonnes in 2010, including 80%...
European HFC emissions decreased in 2015
The European Environment Agency (EEA) published data indicating that European HFC emissions had decreased in 2015.
Fluorinated gas emissions in Europe
The European Environment Agency (EEA) recently published its annual report on fluorinated greenhouse gases.
Zero emissions in the desert
Eckhard Gerber, a German architect, is to build office towers in Riyadh, Dubai and Bahrain that produce all their own energy. The zero emissions office building has arrived! The 68-storey state-of-the-art 322-m Burj al-Taqa ("Energy Tower") in...
Direct CO2 emissions generated by the refrigeration sector in Chile
As part of its national inventory submitted to the UNFCCC, Chile reported greenhouse gas emission values for the refrigeration and air conditioning sector.
Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production
A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...
IIR news
162 results
News from the IIR WP on Mitigation of Emissions
Consult here the minutes of the first meeting of the IIR Working Party on Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration chaired by Per Lundqvist.
IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of GHGs
The second meeting of the IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration (WP_MRE) will take place at the International Institute of Refrigeration, 177, Boulevard Malesherbes, 75017 Paris, on February 9, 2011,...
Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions
This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.
IIR Informatory Note highlights global air conditioning's CO2 emissions and energy impact
The IIR has modelled current and future CO2 emissions attributable to air conditioning in different regions of the world.
New Working Group: Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)
IIR and UNEP-led Cool Coalition are excited to announce the formation of a new working group titled "Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)"
IIR member news: EPEE sets up low emissions task force
The European Partnership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE) says it will set up a low emissions task force to support Europe’s F-gas regulation.
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
ICR2015 Abstract submission deadline extended!
ICR2015 is gearing up to be more successful than ever with over 880 abstracts already submitted!
Abstract submissions open for the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020
Submit your abstracts online today for the next International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
Join the ENOUGH project webinar!
Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the ENOUGH project aims to address and reduce emissions from the food sector. Join the project webinar on December 1.
Discover the 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change”
The 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change” reviews existing data to estimate past greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration systems and make projections for the future.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
New IIR Informatory Note on automotive air conditioning
The latest IIR Informatory Note presents recent technological trends in automotive air conditioning, in particular for electric cars, and outlines the challenges in terms of energy efficiency and CO2...
Highlight from COP13/MOP36 - Day 1
At a side event during COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, IIR and Cool Up Programme convened global leaders to address challenges in energy-efficient refrigeration and cooling. Discussions focused on reducing emissions,...
Member news: GEA implements an innovative high-temperature heat pump at a Tiense Suiker production site
GEA has developed a high-temperature industrial heat pump utilising heat recovery, with reduced emissions.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Events
5 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Find out more
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures
August 10, 2025 - August 13, 2025
Manchester, United Kingdom
The International Institute of Refrigeration is proud to announce that the first IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures will take place in Manchester, UK on 10-13 August 2025.
9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
April 12, 2026 - April 14, 2026
Istanbul, Türkiye (Republic)
Submit your abstract now! The 9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2026)...
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Submit your abstract by 29 May...
