Search results

Cost optimized design of ground probe fields with solar regeneration.

• Author(s) : BUESSER S., WEMHOENER C., ROMINGER L.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

On the use of Irwin probes to measure wall shear stresse in rectangular ducts of constant section.

• Author(s) : FARIA R., FERREIRA A. D., LOPES A. M. G., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Improvement of thermal conductivity of grout mixture for geothermal heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : MAATOUK C.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Investigation of refrigerant dissolution into thin oil film during compression process.

• Author(s) : RAKPAKDEE W., WATANABE K., LEI Y., FUKUTA M., MOTOZAWA M., ATOBE S.
• Publication date: 2024/07/18
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 27^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Two-phase heat transfer model for multiprobe cryosurgery.

• Author(s) : ZHANG X., CHAPTAL HOSSAIN S. M., ZHAO G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 113

IIR document

A simple cryogenic method for testing of electrical properties of copper and its alloys.

• Author(s) : KRALIK T., KRUTIL V., KRBEC J., VONDRACEK P., BOEHLKE P., SCHULTZE H.
• Publication date: 2025/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2025. Proceedings of the 18^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Prague, Czech Republic, 7-11 April 2025.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Mesoscopic study of the effective thermal conductivity of dry and moist soil.

• Author(s) : CAI S., ZHANG B., CUI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Operating mode of Joule–Thomson microchannel argon cryoprobe for precision cryoablation.

• Author(s) : PUSHKAREV A. V., SAAKYAN N. Y., RYABIKIN S. S.
• Publication date: 2021/10/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2021 online. Proceedings of the 16^th IIR International Conference, October 5-7, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Measurements of correct ice adhesion forces to metal test plates in nano-scale by using SPM.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., HONDA M., MINAMIYA K., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 66
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design of cryogenic sample holder with electrical contacts for UHV SEM/SPM.

• Author(s) : KRUTIL V., DUPAK L., MATEJKA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluación energética del impacto del mechanical subcooling en un sistema de CO2 de expansión directa en una cabinet comercial de MT.

Energy evaluation of the mechanical subcooling impact on a CO2 DX-system in a commercial MT cabinet.

• Author(s) : NEBOT-ANDRÉS L., CATALÁN-GIL J., LLOPIS R., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Nuevos intercambiadores de calor para plantas de CO2 de alta eficiencia.

New heat exchangers for high efficiency CO2 plants.

• Author(s) : FILIPPINI S., MERLO U.
• Publication date: 2018/01
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 46 - n. 509
• Formats : PDF

Análisis termodinámico a un compresor enfriado mediante chiller y enfriamiento evaporativo.

Thermodynamic analysis of a compressor cooled by a chiller and by evaporative cooling.

• Author(s) : EDUARDO G. P. , RAÚL L. L., TORRES ALDACO A., AMBRIZ GARCIA J. J., LUGO MÉNDEZ H. D.
• Publication date: 2024/06/26
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: 12^th CYTEF Congress - Ibero-American Congress of Refrigeration Science and Technology.
• Formats : PDF

Principi di base del condizionamento dell'aria: 142a lezione. Reversiblità delle pompe di calor geotermiche e scelta delle sonde per il circuito di captazione.

Base principle of air conditioning: 142 lesson. Geothermal heat pump reversibility and probes choice for uptake circuit.

• Author(s) : FANTONI P.
• Publication date: 2013
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 37 - n. 367
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Refrigerador doméstico con unidades de almacenamiento de energía con material de cambio de fase y operado con energía solar fotovoltaica.

Domestic refrigerator with energy storage units with phase change material and operated with solar photovoltaic energy.

• Author(s) : MIRA-HERNÁNDEZ C., MEJIA-ARIAS L. V., VALENCIA-CANOLA S., PALACIO-MEJIA J. C., ISAZA-ROLDÁN C. A.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

The global evaporative condensing unit market.

A projection for the ten next years.

• Publication date : 2017/03/02

Food safety: the problems caused by condensation

Some advice to prevent or remove condensation, often involved in food contamination.

• Publication date : 2017/04/28

How to reuse the condensate water from air conditioners?

Review of the different uses of the condensate water rejected by air conditioners.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Developing country

Briefs: Birthplace of AC condemned

Buffalo Forge Co. once was a prosperous industrial complex, covering 14 acres, active as early as 1877, but is now being demolished. The Forge is a landmark in industrial history as it is the birthplace of modern air conditioning, invented early...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Briefs: Water savings thanks to hybrid condensers

Hybrid condensers offer significant water savings versus traditional water-cooled and evaporative condensers. They also make it possible to reduce energy consumption and refrigerant charge. In Australia, where water savings are a major issue since...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Savour the moment: Ice-cream that takes longer to melt

Researchers found that a protein called Bs1A can be used to create ice-cream which takes longer to melt

• Publication date : 2015/09/06

CO2 supermarkets worldwide

In its latest Accelerate Europe magazine, Shecco has disseminated figures illustrating the growth of CO2 in the commercial refrigeration sector.

• Publication date : 2016/05/03

Worldwide refrigerant recycling and recovery

A recent AHRI report reviews and evaluates refrigerant management and recycling programs in seven primary jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, California, the European Union, Japan, the UK and the United States.

• Publication date : 2016/06/07

Largest electric refrigerated truck

In October 2011, Renault Trucks handed over a 100% electric truck to STEF, a cold-chain logistics specialist. The manufacturer claims it is the largest ever electric truck for food delivery. It will be tested for a year, starting in January 2012,...

• Publication date : 2012/03/14

Worldwide adoption of MEPS on the rise

Over 100 countries now use mandatory minimum energy efficiency performance standards or energy labels for the most common appliances, according to the IEA Energy Efficiency 2022...

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: General information

World's smallest electronic expansion valve

Danfoss recently presented a small electronic expansion valve, especially used for air conditioners with variable refrigerant flow.

• Publication date : 2020/07/01

Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers

Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

World’s largest adsorption solar cooling installation

Austrian company SOLID has installed a solar cooling for Desert Mountain High School, in Scottsdale, Arizona, a city in the Greater Phoenix area which enjoys 312 days of sun annually.

• Publication date : 2015/03/27

Cooling the ATST solar telescope

The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), currently under construction on the Pacific island of Maui, will be the world’s largest solar telescope, able to provide the sharpest views ever taken of the solar surface

• Publication date : 2014/09/19

Drinks turned ice cold in under 45 seconds

The V-Tex, a machine that uses an innovative , turns beverages from room temperature to 4°C in 45 seconds or less.

• Publication date : 2013/12/19

INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes

Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway)  to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants

A landmark special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants has just been published.

• Publication date : 2013/03/29

Past events: The IIR around the world

Focus on ammonia, cryogenics and heat pumps! Take a look back at the most recent events in which the IIR has participated. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

The IIR around the world: October 2023

A look back at the IIR's latest events at Refcold in India, the ESEF forum in Praia, Cabo Verde, and the SIFA trade fair in France. 

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27
• Subjects: General information

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31
• Subjects: General information

February 2020: The IIR worldwide

Latest IIR participation in refrigeration events.

• Publication date : 2020/02/27

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/04/30
• Subjects: General information

The IIR worldwide (may 2019)

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29

The IIR worldwide (June 2019)

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Past events: The IIR around the world, october 2022

A look back at the latest events in which the IIR participated.

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

Past events: The IIR around the world, December 2022

IIR's participation in MOP 34 and the SIFA fair in Lyon.

• Publication date : 2022/12/13

Past events: the IIR Worldwide - Mars 2023

The Director General of the IIR was at the 2nd International Symposium on "Refrigeration, Energy and the Environment” in Tunisia and the beginning of 2023 was marked by the active participation of the...

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Past events: The IIR around the world, April 2023

This month, the IIR conference on HFOs welcomed 200 delegates, and one of Asia's largest exhibitions in HVACR, China Refrigeration, set a new record with 60,000 visitors and 1,100 exhibitors.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26

Past events: the IIR worldwide, April 2024

In March and April, the IIR attended Centro Studi Galileo, IIAR, and China Refrigeration conferences. Update on these three events

• Publication date : 2024/04/29

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

André Lebon

André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid

• Last update : 2025/06/17
• Langues : French
• Themes : History of refrigeration

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables