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IIR document

Experimental study on the performance of a steam generation heat pump with the internal heat exchanging effect.

• Author(s) : KANG D., NA S.-I., YOO J. W., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 108
• Formats : PDF

Limited microbial growth in Atlantic salmon packed in a modified atmosphere.

• Author(s) : MILNE D., POWELL S. M.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 42

The improving effect of reduced glutathione on boar sperm cryotolerance is related with the intrinsic ejaculate freezability.

• Author(s) : YESTE M., ESTRADA E., PINART E., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 2

Viability and DNA maintenance in nonculturable spiral Campylobacter jejuni cells after long-term exposure to low temperatures.

• Author(s) : LÁZARO B., CÁRCAMO J., AUDICANA A., et al.
• Publication date: 1999/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Campylobacter, Microbiology, DNA, Temperature, Survival
• Source: Appl. environ. Microbiol. - vol. 65 - n. 10

Structure of the immature retroviral capsid at 8 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy.

• Author(s) : BHARAT T. A. M., DAVEY N. E., ULBRICH P., et al.
• Publication date: 2012/07/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electron microscopy, Biology, Virus, DNA, Protein, Man, Cryomicroscopy
• Source: Nature - vol. 487 - n. 7407

Cryopreservation by encapsulation of Gentiana spp. cell suspensions maintains regrowth, embryonic competence and DNA content.

• Author(s) : MIKULA A., OLAS M., SLIWINSKA E., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/09
• Languages : English
• Source: CryoLetters - vol. 29 - n. 5

Effects of antioxidants on post-thawed bovine sperm and oxidative stress parameters: antioxidants protect DNA integrity against cryodamage.

• Author(s) : BUCAK M. N., TUNCER P. B., SARIÖZKAN S., et al.
• Publication date: 2010/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 61 - n. 3

IIR document

THE CRYOBIOLOGY OF VIRUSES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS.

• Author(s) : GREIFF D.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Bacterial activity in South Pole snow.

• Author(s) : CARPENTER E. J., LIN S., CAPONE D. G.
• Publication date: 2000/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Appl. environ. Microbiol. - vol. 66 - n. 10

IIR document

COMPOUNDS WHICH PROTECT FREEZE-DRIED CULTURES FROM MUTATION.

• Author(s) : IIJIMA T.
• Publication date: 1985/05/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Fundamentals and Applications of Freeze-Drying to Biological Materials, Drugs and Foodstuffs.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on dispermic androgenesis in sturgeon fish. The first successful production of androgenetic sturgeons with cryopreserved sperm.

• Author(s) : GRUNINA A. S., RECOUBRATSKY A. V., TSVETKOVA L. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 29 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

La cryoconservation de laitance de salmonidés et plus spécifiquement de néomales de truite arc-en-ciel.

Cryopreservation of neomale rainbow trout milts.

• Author(s) : FELLER E., DEMOL T., DENIS P.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : French
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

Enumeración rápida de Listeria monocytogenes en productos cárnicos mediante PCR a tiempo real.

Quantitative method for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in meat products.

• Author(s) : RODRÍGUEZ-LÁZARO D., JOFRÉ A., AYMERICH T., et al.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Acta Alimentaria - vol. 41 - n. 357

Biodiversity of Clostridium botulinum type E strains isolated from fish and fishery products.

• Author(s) : HYYTIÄ E., HIELM S., BJÖRKROTH J., et al.
• Publication date: 1999/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Appl. environ. Microbiol. - vol. 65 - n. 5

IIR document

Mechanisms of dehydration injury in bacteria.

• Author(s) : ASHWOOD-SMITH M. J.
• Publication date: 1980/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 3 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Appointments: Dana Gas

United Arab Emirates: Mr Rashid Saif Al Jarwan has been appointed General Manager of Dana Gas and Mr Saif Ahmed Al Ghafli is now General Manager of ADGAS.

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration

A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...

• Publication date : 2015/04/09
• Subjects: Regulation

Danfoss white paper on the global trends within refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning

Danfoss international group of experts made a projection on the refrigerant outlook within the main sectors and regions.

• Publication date : 2016/07/11

IIR Member news: A new Application Development center launched by Danfoss in China

Danfoss has inaugurated a new Application Development Center (ADC) for its cooling business in Haiyan, China

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

For IIR members only

Canada invests over CA $500,000 in heat pump training to boost skilled workforce and reduce emissions

In August 2024, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change and to the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, announced over 500,000 Canadian dollars...

• Publication date : 2024/10/23
• Subjects: General information

A must-read in the IJR: a review of storage temperatures for biological material

To improve storage efficiency, the authors of a review article take stock of storage temperatures for biological material (cells, proteins, DNA, etc).

• Publication date : 2024/04/26
• Subjects: Technology

Canada: HFC regulations enter in force

On April 16, 2018, an amendment to the Canadian Ozone-depleting Substances and Halocarbon Alternatives Regulations entered into force, ensuring Canada's full compliance with its obligations under the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada proposes HFC phase-down plan.

The Canadian government has published on November 2016 a proposal to phase-down its production and imports of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/02/25
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada and Mexico HFC policy strategy

During ATMOsphere America in Chicago in June 2016, Canadian and Mexican government representatives presented their HFC phase-down strategies.

• Publication date : 2016/08/05
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada could follow US with HFC bans in certain applications

At the UN Climate Summit held in New York on 23 September, the Canadian Environment Minister, Leona Aglukkaq, announced that the government would soon publish a Notice of Intent to regulate HFCs in-line with the proposals recently published by the...

• Publication date : 2014/10/31
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

ECOFRIDGES in Ghana: positive feedback from beneficiaries

A recent video updates on the ECOFRIDGES GO programme in Ghana, implemented by the Basel Agency for Sustainable Energy (BASE), UNEP’s United for Efficiency (U4E) initiative and the...

• Publication date : 2022/08/29
• Subjects: Developing country

Canadian government

The Canadian government recently proposed a set of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for homes and industrial products including large air-conditioning systems, commercial air-conditioning systems, room air conditioners, portable air...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Briefs: Danfoss

Danfoss has won the 2004 AHR Expo Innovation Award in the refrigeration category for its TN hermetic compressor for CO2. The Innovation Awards, jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and ARI, are designed to encourage innovation and recognise significant...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Briefs: Danfoss

Niels B. Christiansen has been promoted to Vice Chief Executive Officer of the Danfoss Group. Frederik Lotz has been appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The President (CEO), Jørgen M. Clausen, intends to strengthen his...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

The Canadian HVAC Market.

According to the Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI), residential air conditioning shipments increased by 3% between the 2nd quarter 2012 and the 2nd quarter 2013.

• Publication date : 2013/11/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR member news: Danfoss

Overview of the key global trends in refrigerants in Danfoss new report.

• Publication date : 2014/11/21
• Subjects: Environment

International activities: Danske Køledage

Highlights of this year's annual conference of the Danish Refrigeration Association held in Odense on March 15-16, 2007 include: a comprehensive presentation of the IIR given by Prof. Joachim Paul, over 30 papers on a broad range of scientific...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Canada to Host LNG2023 in Vancouver

Vancouver will be the venue for the 20th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2023) following the selection of the Canadian Gas...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

News from IIR members: Danfoss

A pleasant indoor climate and no energy costs. This is what it feels like to live in the Zero+ house - the first home in Denmark that produces more power than is actually consumed. The house supplies its own heating and electricity and generates...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

News from IIR members: Danfoss

Danfoss was chosen by Sainsbury’s and Netto to facilitate the conversion of their stores to CO2 as part of their ambition to drastically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Danfoss has 10 years’ experience in the...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

News from IIR members: Danfoss

Danfoss won the 2009 AHR Exposition Refrigeration Innovation Award. The honoured product is a newly developed energy-saving variable frequency drive for compressors, pumps, and fans. In refrigeration applications, the AKD 102 constantly matches...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Member news: Latest news from Danfoss

Danfoss is improving its range of electric expansion valves and has started construction of an energy-efficient supermarket. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Member news: Danfoss is committed to reducing food waste

The Salling Group and Danfoss are working with Microsoft to reduce food waste and energy consumption in retail refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

News from IIR members: Danfoss & LOGSTOR

Danfoss and LOGSTOR establish alliance to market and offer energy-efficient district cooling solutions. They have now joined forces to apply their technologies and expertise in the district cooling sector. Together with selected industry partners...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Canada to host the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration in 2019!

During the IIR Executive Committee meeting in Paris on June 14, 2013 Montreal, Canada was elected by the Delegates of the IIR member-countries as the host city of the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration to be held in 2019 (ICR2019).

• Publication date : 2013/07/11

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

News from IIR members: The Danish Refrigeration Association is 100!

In 2011, the Danish Refrigeration Association is celebrating its 100th anniversary. For 100 years the association has been the national forum for all aspects of refrigeration and has arranged numerous events for the benefit of its members. The...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Donation to Prof. Banadda’s family and job opportunity for the SophiA project in Africa

Please find attached the press release concerning the donation campaign for the family of Prof. Noble Ephraim Banadda, who was one of the key promoters of SophiA, convincing experts in African ministries of health and various organisations to...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates

In collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the IIR is proud to announce the 1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates.

• Publication date : 2016/01/20

Conference overview: Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in Marine and Off-Shore Fisheries Sectors

In partnership with the UNEP, ASHRAE and UNIDO, the IIR organised a conference in Bangkok (Thailand) in April 2017 on the Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in the Marine Sector and Offshore Fisheries.

• Publication date : 2017/05/31

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 160 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of July 2, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/07/02
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables