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Microflora di un formaggio Feta tradizionale: identificazione tramite PCR-DGGE dei batteri lattici isolati.

Microflora of traditional Feta cheese and lactic bacteria identification by PCR-DGGE.

• Author(s) : RANTSIOS A., RANTSIOU K., COCOLIN L., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/11
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Ripening (cheese), Enterococcus, Microorganism, Cold storage, Ewe milk cheese
• Source: Rev. Ferment. Ind. aliment. - vol. 44 - n. 452
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

REFROIDISSEMENT ET CONSERVATION DU LAIT DE BREBIS EN VUE D'UNE ECONOMIE D'ENERGIE.

SAVING ENERGY IN THE REFRIGERATION AND STORAGE OF SHEEP MILK.

• Author(s) : JIMENEZ PEREZ S., GOICOECHEA A., GARCIA MATAMOROS E.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Ewe, Milk, Chilling, Dairy product, Curd, Energy saving, Cheese
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CONSERVATION DU LAIT ULTRAFILTRE ET CONGELE ET APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLE ULTERIEURE.

STORAGE OF ULTRAFILTERED FROZEN MILK AND SUBSEQUENT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION.

• Author(s) : JIMENEZ PEREZ S.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Ewe milk, Milk, Ultrafiltration, Organoleptic property, Freezing, Cheese, Concentration
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Survival and acid resistance of Listeria innocua in feta cheese and yogurt, in the presence or absence of fungi.

• Author(s) : BELESSI C. I. A., PAPANIKOLAOU S., DROSINOS E. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Listeria, Yoghurt, Survival, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Ewe milk cheese, Cheese
• Source: Journal of Food Protection - vol. 71 - n. 4

IIR document

FREEZING OF IRREGULAR SHAPES UNDER TIME VARIABLE CONDITIONS.

• Author(s) : CLELAND A. C., EARLE R. L.
• Publication date: 1982/01/26
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration of perishable products for distant markets.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation on the heat transfer characteristics of axial rotating heat pipes.

• Author(s) : SONG F., EWING D., CHING C. Y.
• Publication date: 2004/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 47 - n. 22

Heat transfer in the evaporator section of moderate-speed rotating heat pipes.

• Author(s) : SONG F., EWING D., CHING C. Y.
• Publication date: 2008/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 51 - n. 7-8

Fluid flow and heat transfer model for high-speed rotating heat pipes.

• Author(s) : SONG F., EWING D., CHING C. Y.
• Publication date: 2003/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 46 - n. 23

Characterization of a thermoelectric cooler based thermal management system under different operating conditions.

• Author(s) : RUSSELL M. K., EWING D., CHING C. Y.
• Publication date: 2013/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 50 - n. 1

Characterization of evaporator and condenser thermal resistances of a screen mesh wicked heat pipe.

• Author(s) : KEMPERS R., ROBINSON A. J., EWING D., et al.
• Publication date: 2008/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 51 - n. 25-26

IIR document

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CF4 BETWEEN 175 AND 375 K (-98 AND 102 DEG C) AT PRESSURES UP TO 1 MEGAPASCAL DETERMINED FROM THE SPEED OF SOUND.

• Author(s) : BOYES S. J., EWING M. B., TRUSLER J. P. M.
• Publication date: 1990
• Languages : English
• Source: Thermophysical properties of pure substances and mixtures for refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

UK: ammonia system cuts energy use in brewery

A Yorkshire Heineken brewery has implemented a new ammonia refrigeration system, designed by J&E Hall to operate with the existing monopropylene glycol secondary loop. The new plant has reduced the electricity bill by a third, generated...

• Publication date : 2011/08/17

Women4Energy Conference, 2 December 2015, Stuttgart, Germany

The Women4Energy International Conference with the focus on Smart Cities takes place in Stuttgart, Germany, inviting women in science and women in industry to increase their network, learn about energy challenges and trends in order to elaborate...

• Publication date : 2015/10/21

Quebec arenas refrigeration system upgrade project.

The Ministère de l'Education, du Loisir et du Sport from Québec involves in upgrading arenas refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2017/03/23

Recent developments in extreme cooling

Researchers from NIST have demonstrated a solid-state refrigerator using quantum physics in micro- and nanostructures to cool a much larger object to extremely low temperatures. Moreover, a team of Munich’s Ludwig Maximilian University, has...

• Publication date : 2013/05/17

Recent developments in advanced ejector technology

The objective of this paper published in the International Journal of Refrigeration is to present a review of developments in the use of ejectors focusing on the past several years.

• Publication date : 2016/08/12

Recent trends in data centre cooling

Currently, keeping computer systems cool accounts for 70% of a data centre’s non-IT energy consumption. With the data centre industry growing by 12% annually, saving energy required for cooling is becoming a crucial issue and new options are being...

• Publication date : 2012/12/17

Recent developments in automobile air conditioning

Valeo has developed an environmentally-friendly air-conditioning system which meets future EU regulations. The Valeo R-744 system, based on CO2, represents a significant technological breakthrough due to the significantly higher pressure...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Recent overview of research on electrocaloric cooling

A recent literature review presents an overview of research on electrocaloric cooling. The authors addressed the following topics: thermodynamic cycles, electrocaloric materials, experimental devices, numerical...

• Publication date : 2021/01/04
• Subjects: Technology

The Use of Ice Cream: Recent Trends

A recent AFP press release pointed out how the face of ice-cream consumption is gradually changing over the years: it is no longer considered merely as a treat for children and is more and more appreciated by adults. Furthermore, the last couple...

• Publication date : 2006/10/25

PCMs and ice slurries: PCMs: two recent applications

Phase-change materials (PCMs) can provide thermal storage which means that they can absorb thermal energy when they solidify and release it when they melt. This can be very useful to dampen temperature swings. PCMs are usually water-based and are...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Recent trends in global emissions of HCFCs and HFCs

Global-scale atmospheric measurements were used by S.A. Montzka et al. to investigate the effectiveness of recent adjustments to production and consumption controls on HCFCs under the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/05/27
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Briefs: CO2 systems Receive Awards in the USA

Three companies developing or using CO2, received awards in the United States in 2010: Kysor/Warren, a company based in Georgia was honoured with the 2009-2010 GreenChill Distinguished Partner Award, from the US Environmental Agency (EPA) for its...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Recent applications of CO2 in the food industry

Carbon dioxide has been used in highly advanced applications the food industry for decades. Recent concerns about greenhouse gas emissions are leading manufacturers to use recycled CO2 from other industrial processes. Linde claim they use the...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Unprecedented images from the centre of our galaxy

The James Webb Space Telescope shows images of the centre of the Milky Way, thanks to its state-of-the-art infrared detectors, which need to be cryogenically cooled to operate...

• Publication date : 2024/01/05
• Subjects: Technology

Trends and Figures: Recent History of Russian Air-conditioning Trade

JARN recently published an overview of Russian AC consumption trends, based on a review of "Climate World 2006" held in Moscow last March, and which compensates for previous lack of information on the subject. The historical summary starts around...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

A renewed board and ambition for the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF)

Gérald Cavalier, Director of Cemafroid, took over from Patrick Antoine as head of this century old association

• Publication date : 2013/11/13

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

Past events: The IIR around the world, December 2022

IIR's participation in MOP 34 and the SIFA fair in Lyon.

• Publication date : 2022/12/13

UK: IoR dinner 2020 and Judith Evans receives award

During the IoR annual dinner 2020, the IoR recognised the contributions of outstanding individuals to the UK refrigeration industry.Judith Evans was awarded ACR Woman of the Year 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Authors are invited to send in submissions to the 6th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR 2021).

• Publication date : 2020/12/08
• Subjects: Technology

Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries

The call for abstracts to the 13th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2021) is now open.

• Publication date : 2020/12/08
• Subjects: Technology

Obituary: Prof Ezio Fornasieri

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Prof Ezio Fornasieri, who died in November 2013 at the age of 70.

• Publication date : 2013/11/26

Philippe Lebrun received the Mendelssohn Award.

Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR’s General Conference, received the prestigious Mendelssohn Award conferred by the International Cryogenic Engineering Committee on March 11, 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/03/16

Become an IIR member and receive free downloads from Fridoc!

Become an IIR member and download from Fridoc at no additional cost!

• Publication date : 2014/05/07

An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

Covering all fields of refrigeration, ICR 2019 is expected to surpass the success of previous congresses, and will be a unique opportunity for researchers and engineers from all over the world to meet, exchange and publish the results of their...

• Publication date : 2018/07/24

Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.

• Publication date : 2018/07/20

Obituary: Robert Heap

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Robert Heap, who died on March 11, 2014, at the age of 72.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30

Obituary : Gerald Groff

Gerald Groff, former President of Section E and very active in the IIR died on September 15.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

Obituary: Maxime Duminil

The IIR expresses its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Maxime Duminil, who died at the age of 96. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Obituary: Peter Novak

Peter Novak, Slovenia’s delegate to the IIR and former president of its commission dedicated to air conditioning, recently passed away.

• Publication date : 2022/03/30

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs