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IIR document

Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

[Proceedings of the meetings of the] commissions 3, 4 & 5: Moscow, USSR, September 3-10, 1958.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1958
• Languages : French
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

Weight losses in foodstuffs. [Proceedings of the meetings of the] commissions II, IV, V & VII: Leningrad, USSR, September 8-13, 1970.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1970
• Languages : English
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

IIR document

HEAT RECOVERY IN A DAIRY.

• Author(s) : WESOLOWSKI A., WYDERKA W.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : USSR, Profitability, Heat recovery, Heat pump, Dairy, Energy saving
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONTINUOUS COLD CHAIN.

• Author(s) : KONOVALOV N. P.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Enhancement, Energy consumption, Cold chain, Meat, USSR, Profitability, Chilling, Freezing
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

THE INCREASE IN OPERATION EFFICIENCY OF THE DISTRIBUTING COLD STORES.

• Author(s) : KONOVALOV N. P., KOVAL V. V.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Automation, Meat, USSR, Refrigerated transport, Chilling, Handling, Cold store, Container
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF SUPERCONDUCTING ALTERNATOR DUE TO UTILIZATION OF STATOR THERMAL LOSSES.

• Author(s) : BYKOV A. V.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconduction, Power plant, Cryomachine, USSR, Heat recovery, R113, Energy saving, Cryogenics, Heating
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INVESTIGATION DES QUALITES THERMIQUES DES MOYENS DE TRANSPORT A ISOLATION RENFORCEE EN CONDITIONS DE MOUVEMENT.

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MOVING TRANSPORT VEHICLES WITH REINFORCED INSULATION.

• Author(s) : VERNIKOV G. I.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Unsteady state, Measurement, USSR, Refrigerated transport, Passenger transport, Steady state, Testing, K coefficient
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

STANDARDIZATION OF DATA ON PROPERTIES OF FOODSTUFFS FOR OPTIMIZATION.

• Author(s) : ALESHIN Ju. P., LATYSHEV V. P.
• Publication date: 1988/05/17
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Heat capacity, Heat balance, Calculation, Milk, USSR, Density, Physical property, Dairy product, Meat product, Enthalpy
• Source: Cold chains in economic perspective.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

RAMES FERROVIAIRES FRIGORIFIQUES POUR POISSONS VIVANTS.

REFRIGERATED RAIL WAGONS FOR TRANSPORTING LIVE FISH.

• Author(s) : SAPOZNIKOV S. A.
• Publication date: 1982
• Languages : French
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 5 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS AND PROCESS INVESTIGATIONS FOR REVAMPING A NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PLANT FOR PEAKSHAVING PURPOSES.

• Author(s) : STOCKMANN R., BURKHARDT J.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Natural gas and LNG: a balanced energy mix./ Le gaz naturel et le GNL : un mix énergétique équilibré.

Natural gas and LNG: a balanced energy mix.

• Author(s) : GDF SUEZ
• Publication date: 2009
• Languages : English

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties of solutions of sodium thiocyanate in liquid ammonia and their vapours.

• Author(s) : GUPTA C. P., SHARMA C. P., MEHROTRA R. K.
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comfort at work places by spot cooling.

• Author(s) : FANGER P. O.
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.
• Formats : PDF

Air conditioning in every NYC classroom by 2022

The city officially announced a USD 28.75 million initiative to install air conditioners in every NYC classroom over the next five years.

• Publication date : 2017/11/10

UK: 50% of refrigeration plant end-users might not comply with F-Gas requirements

Many equipment owners believe that because they have a maintenance contract with an F-gas registered service company, they are fully covered in terms of F-gas compliance.

• Publication date : 2015/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Briefs: Russia

The 8th International Specialized Exhibition Cryogen-Expo will be held on November 10-12, 2009 by the Exhibition Company Mir-Expo and under the auspices of the IIR, the International Academy of Refrigeration and the Ukrainian Association of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

The Russian refrigerated cases market

According to experts, the market volume in 2012 compared to 2011 increased by about 25%.

• Publication date : 2013/12/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

LNG news: Russia

Russia is to build its first LNG plant at Prigorodnoye, Aniva Bay. The location is ice-free for most of the year and the contract has gone to a consortium of Russian companies and Toyo Engineering of Japan, and the plant will produce 9.6 million...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

ISS ammonia leak scare

Ammonia is typically used as a coolant in spaceflight systems.

• Publication date : 2015/01/29

Refrigerated trains to connect Russia and Iran

The Ministry of agriculture in cooperation with “Russian Railways” (RZD) plans to run shuttle refrigerated trains between Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Belarus for export and import of agricultural and food products.

• Publication date : 2017/10/03

Markets: Russian refrigeration market

The Russian refrigeration market is rapidly expanding. According to Alexander Baranenko, Chairman of the International Academy of Refrigeration, 300 000 companies are currently involved in refrigeration in Russia. About 6 million refrigerating...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Markets: frozen food: Russia

The frozen food sector in Russia, in particular seafood, is a dynamic, rapidly developing market. Market figures for frozen fruits and vegetables, including berries and mushrooms rise an average of 30% per year whilst the demand for frozen seafood...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

HCFC phase-out in Russia.

At the 7th edition of Climate World Expo (Mir Klimata), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) prepared HVAC&R experts for HCFC phase-out in Russia. Ammonia is actively promoted by UNIDO through various industry-led...

• Publication date : 2011/06/09

Discussion around solar fridges in Africa

A manufacturer from Swaziland recently presented three new SolarChill prototypes operating with hydrocarbon refrigerant at a side event of the Open Ended Working Group to the Montreal Protocol held in Geneva and attracted a lot of interest from...

• Publication date : 2012/02/09

NASA tests on composite cryotank successful

NASA recently completed a complex series of tests on one of the largest composite cryogenic fuel tanks ever manufactured,

• Publication date : 2015/03/17

Sales of domestic refrigerators on the rise in France in 2022

According to Gifam, a grouping of home appliance brands, sales of domestic refrigerators continued to grow in France in 2022, in a market that is stabilising.

• Publication date : 2023/03/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global demand for HVAC equipment on the rise

Global HVAC demand to reach USD 107 billion in 2016, with Asia Pacific in the lead.

• Publication date : 2015/09/07
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The Russian cold-storage warehouses market 2012

By 2012, the amount of cold storage facilities shrunk by 10%, while the share of cold-storage warehouses of logistics operators increased by 5%.

• Publication date : 2014/01/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR at Chillventa 2024: a crossroads of innovation and collaboration for sustainable refrigeration

The IIR exhibited at Chillventa 2024 from 8 to 10 October, sharing a stand with its German partner DKV. With 1,010 international exhibitors from 49 countries and almost 33,000 visitors, this event reaffirmed its...

• Publication date : 2024/10/28

International events: Brussels

The IIR co-sponsored conference, Atmosphere 2009 took place in Brussels, Belgium, on October 19-20, 2009. It focused on general policy on replacing high global warming refrigerants (HCFCs, HFCs) by natural refrigerants (political, financial,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

International events: Brussels

The Executive Committee meeting of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Heat Pump Programme took place in Brussels, Belgium on November 15-16, 2007. It was preceded by a seminar and a workshop. The Director of the IIR attended the Executive...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

International events: Brussels

Transfrigoroute International (TI) held its annual General Assembly in Brussels, Belgium, on September 17-18, 2009. The director of the IIR attended it, thanks to the IIR-TI partnership agreement.

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Conference report: Russia

Russia : the IIR co-sponsored the International Conference on the "Refrigeration Industry in 21st Century". The conference was held in Moscow on December 6-8, 2004, at the International Industrial Academy. Many presentations were food-industry...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

The IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling published in Russian

The IIR has just published a Russian version of the Informatory Note on Solar Cooling. In addition to the English and French versions, other notes have recently been published in Chinese, Russian and Spanish...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Technology

IIR engages in key discussions at ASHRAE Winter Conference 2025

The IIR took an active role in the 2025 ASHRAE Winter Conference, where global refrigeration and HVAC leaders gathered to explore advancements in sustainable technologies, industry challenges, and future...

• Publication date : 2025/02/21
• Subjects: General information

Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!

ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities

• Publication date : 2015/05/06

New IIR Informatory Note (IN) on chillers and Russian version of the IN on nutrition

The IIR has just published a new Informatory Note on chillers as well as the Russian version of the IN on the Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide Nutrition already published in four other...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Strengthening cold chain technologies in hot climates: IIR and UNEP lead the conversation at MOP37

Nairobi, 3 November 2025 — At the 37th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP37), UNEP OzonAction and the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) hosted a dynamic side event focused on strengthening sustainable...

• Publication date : 2025/11/14
• Subjects: Environment

Professor Arhkarov's birthday

This month, Prof. Alexey M. Arkharov, a well known scientist in the field of cryogenics, celebrated his 90th birthday.

• Publication date : 2021/01/29

Professional forums on cryo-sciences: Experts and young researchers alike

Although significant progress has been made in cold application in life sciences driven by new solutions in the production, storage and handling of bio-products along the entire production chain all the way up to the end-user, there are still many...

• Publication date : 2017/03/01

Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day

In support of this special day, and with the aim of raising awareness and boosting accessibility of the refrigeration sector from the grassroots up on an international level, the IIR is calling to all stakeholders to actively help bring the HVACR...

• Publication date : 2019/04/01

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : HFCs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)