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IIR document

Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

[Proceedings of the meetings of the] commissions 3, 4 & 5: Moscow, USSR, September 3-10, 1958.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1958
• Languages : French
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

Weight losses in foodstuffs. [Proceedings of the meetings of the] commissions II, IV, V & VII: Leningrad, USSR, September 8-13, 1970.

• Organiser : IIF-IIR
• Publication date: 1970
• Languages : English
• Formats : Hard copy, PDF

IIR document

HEAT RECOVERY IN A DAIRY.

• Author(s) : WESOLOWSKI A., WYDERKA W.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : USSR, Profitability, Heat recovery, Heat pump, Dairy, Energy saving
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONTINUOUS COLD CHAIN.

• Author(s) : KONOVALOV N. P.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Enhancement, Energy consumption, Cold chain, Meat, USSR, Profitability, Chilling, Freezing
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

THE INCREASE IN OPERATION EFFICIENCY OF THE DISTRIBUTING COLD STORES.

• Author(s) : KONOVALOV N. P., KOVAL V. V.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Automation, Meat, USSR, Refrigerated transport, Chilling, Handling, Cold store, Container
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF SUPERCONDUCTING ALTERNATOR DUE TO UTILIZATION OF STATOR THERMAL LOSSES.

• Author(s) : BYKOV A. V.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconduction, Power plant, Cryomachine, USSR, Heat recovery, R113, Energy saving, Cryogenics, Heating
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

INVESTIGATION DES QUALITES THERMIQUES DES MOYENS DE TRANSPORT A ISOLATION RENFORCEE EN CONDITIONS DE MOUVEMENT.

INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MOVING TRANSPORT VEHICLES WITH REINFORCED INSULATION.

• Author(s) : VERNIKOV G. I.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Unsteady state, Measurement, USSR, Refrigerated transport, Passenger transport, Steady state, Testing, K coefficient
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

STANDARDIZATION OF DATA ON PROPERTIES OF FOODSTUFFS FOR OPTIMIZATION.

• Author(s) : ALESHIN Ju. P., LATYSHEV V. P.
• Publication date: 1988/05/17
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Heat capacity, Heat balance, Calculation, Milk, USSR, Density, Physical property, Dairy product, Meat product, Enthalpy
• Source: Cold chains in economic perspective.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

RAMES FERROVIAIRES FRIGORIFIQUES POUR POISSONS VIVANTS.

REFRIGERATED RAIL WAGONS FOR TRANSPORTING LIVE FISH.

• Author(s) : SAPOZNIKOV S. A.
• Publication date: 1982
• Languages : French
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 5 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS AND PROCESS INVESTIGATIONS FOR REVAMPING A NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PLANT FOR PEAKSHAVING PURPOSES.

• Author(s) : STOCKMANN R., BURKHARDT J.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Natural gas and LNG: a balanced energy mix./ Le gaz naturel et le GNL : un mix énergétique équilibré.

Natural gas and LNG: a balanced energy mix.

• Author(s) : GDF SUEZ
• Publication date: 2009
• Languages : English

IIR document

Comfort at work places by spot cooling.

• Author(s) : FANGER P. O.
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties of solutions of sodium thiocyanate in liquid ammonia and their vapours.

• Author(s) : GUPTA C. P., SHARMA C. P., MEHROTRA R. K.
• Publication date: 1978
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration: Moscow, USSR, September 20-30, 1975.
• Formats : PDF

Air conditioning in every NYC classroom by 2022

The city officially announced a USD 28.75 million initiative to install air conditioners in every NYC classroom over the next five years.

• Publication date : 2017/11/10

Australian government urged to action on HFCs and climate change

In August 2015, Prime Minister Tony Abbott’s cabinet announced plans to phase-down HFCs by 85% by 2036 and greenhouse gas emissions by 26-28% below 2005 levels by 2030.

• Publication date : 2015/11/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

UK: 50% of refrigeration plant end-users might not comply with F-Gas requirements

Many equipment owners believe that because they have a maintenance contract with an F-gas registered service company, they are fully covered in terms of F-gas compliance.

• Publication date : 2015/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

For IIR members only

The Australian refrigeration sector: decreased emissions, transition to natural refrigerants and a growing workforce

Released in 2024, the Cold Hard Facts 4 report identifies key developments and emerging trends in the Australian refrigeration and air conditioning industry between 2016 and...

• Publication date : 2024/11/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

Australia’s HVACR industry

According to IbisWorld research, industry revenue is forecast to increase at an annualised 1.8% through to 2019/2020 to reach USD 1.6 billion.

• Publication date : 2015/06/16

Trends and Figures: HVAC&R Industry is big in Australia

A new Cold Hard Facts report makes up for the lack of previous data concerning the Australian HVAC&R industry and reveals the crucial importance of the sector in the national economy. For instance, the study values the direct spending of the...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Australia’s solar cooling potential

Stephen White, Chair of ausSCIG, predicts that more and more innovative solutions will be developed in the solar cooling field in Australia.

• Publication date : 2012/07/02

French food-industry refrigeration figures

According to a 2014 Cnefic and AFF document, 13,500 enterprises in the sector (98 % of which are small and medium-sized) use refrigeration technologies, with at least one cold store.

• Publication date : 2014/11/03
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The food industry in Europe

The processed meat market in Western Europe is worth EUR 117.3 billion, some 10.6 % of the overall food and drink market of EUR 1111 billion.

• Publication date : 2016/01/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Technology, Figures, economy

An award-winning industrial dairy using an integrated heat pump system

A recent case study examined the energy consumption and system performance of an innovative integrated heat pump system of a dairy located in Norway. This dairy was among the winning projects of the 2019 “Heat...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

The Russian refrigerated cases market

According to experts, the market volume in 2012 compared to 2011 increased by about 25%.

• Publication date : 2013/12/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Australia announces HFC phase-down.

Australia goes further than the Kigali deal and announces a 85% phase-down target before 2036.

• Publication date : 2017/01/16
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Refrigerated trains to connect Russia and Iran

The Ministry of agriculture in cooperation with “Russian Railways” (RZD) plans to run shuttle refrigerated trains between Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Belarus for export and import of agricultural and food products.

• Publication date : 2017/10/03

Briefs: Russia

The 8th International Specialized Exhibition Cryogen-Expo will be held on November 10-12, 2009 by the Exhibition Company Mir-Expo and under the auspices of the IIR, the International Academy of Refrigeration and the Ukrainian Association of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

IIR at Chillventa 2024: a crossroads of innovation and collaboration for sustainable refrigeration

The IIR exhibited at Chillventa 2024 from 8 to 10 October, sharing a stand with its German partner DKV. With 1,010 international exhibitors from 49 countries and almost 33,000 visitors, this event reaffirmed its...

• Publication date : 2024/10/28

Australia: enhanced links

The IIR has signed a partnership agreement with AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air conditioning & Heating): www.airah.org.au The aim is to "enhance the technical standing of...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Conference report: Russia

Russia : the IIR co-sponsored the International Conference on the "Refrigeration Industry in 21st Century". The conference was held in Moscow on December 6-8, 2004, at the International Industrial Academy. Many presentations were food-industry...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Conference report: Australia

Postharvest Unlimited Downunder 2004, an IIR-co-sponsored conference, was held in Sydney, Australia, on November 9-12, 2004, with as theme "Postharvest technologies for the delivery of high quality horticultural products - implementation based on...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

International events: Brussels

The IIR co-sponsored conference, Atmosphere 2009 took place in Brussels, Belgium, on October 19-20, 2009. It focused on general policy on replacing high global warming refrigerants (HCFCs, HFCs) by natural refrigerants (political, financial,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

International events: Brussels

Transfrigoroute International (TI) held its annual General Assembly in Brussels, Belgium, on September 17-18, 2009. The director of the IIR attended it, thanks to the IIR-TI partnership agreement.

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

International events: Brussels

The Executive Committee meeting of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Heat Pump Programme took place in Brussels, Belgium on November 15-16, 2007. It was preceded by a seminar and a workshop. The Director of the IIR attended the Executive...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

New in our Encyclopedia: cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry

This summary document presents the potential applications of liquid cryogens in the pharmaceutical sector. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Briefs: News from Australia

- The IIR Australian National Committee, chaired by Stephen White, regularly reports on its activities, in EcoLibrium and on a dedicated page of the AIRAH Web site:

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

2nd International Conference on Industrial Gases

The 2nd International Conference on Industrial Gases was held in Moscow on April 19-20, 2011. Seventy persons from 6 countries attended. The focus was on the scientific and practical value of the presentations for the industrial gas market and...

• Publication date : 2011/08/09

Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report

UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: General information

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)

As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.

• Publication date : 2020/09/28

What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?

Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.

• Publication date : 2016/04/13

The IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling published in Russian

The IIR has just published a Russian version of the Informatory Note on Solar Cooling. In addition to the English and French versions, other notes have recently been published in Chinese, Russian and Spanish...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Technology

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)