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How to temperature map cold chain equipment and storage areas. Second edition.
Introducing solar-powered vaccine refrigerator and freezer systems: a guide for managers in national immunization programs / Introduction aux systèmes de réfrigération et de congélation à énergie solaire pour les vaccins. Guide à l’intention des responsables des programmes nationaux de vaccination.
IIR document
Assessing operating statuses for chiller system with Cox regression.
3rd IIR conference on HFO Refrigerants and low GWP Blends. Shanghai, China.
Recent Advances in Two-Phase Immersion Cooling with Surface Modifications for Thermal Management.
Postizanje cilja borbe protiv energetskog siromaštva u svetlu stragija za povecanje energetske efikasnosti.
Meeting the anti poverty target in the light of increasing energy efficiency strategies.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
The use of toxicological data in refrigeration hazard analysis.
Extending the shelf life of low-acid liquid dairy products for added value.
Engineer’s notebook: the fundamentals of expansion tanks.
Economic analysis of air-cooled chiller with advanced heat rejection.
Logistic regression-based optimal control for air-cooled chiller.
Experimental study of the operative conditions of domestic refrigerators in the student community of the University of Beira interior.
The life and legacy of William Rankine.
Refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps. Fifth edition.
Magnetic levitation chiller technology.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
483 results
Brief: WHO
WHO has donated three walk-in vaccine storage cold rooms worth 1.5 million birr (over 140 000 €) to Ethiopia. Two of the 30 m3 cold rooms were installed in Addis Ababa and the other in Mekele. They will be used to store USD 5 million worth of...
WMO and WHO release new guidelines to protect workers from heat stress
The World Health Organization and the World Meteorological Organization have published a joint report and guidance highlighting the growing global health challenges posed by extreme heat on workers.
How to conduct temperature mapping for vaccine storage: WHO’s latest 2024 guidelines & tool
As part of its Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) initiative, WHO developed a temperature mapping tool and an accompanying user guide for pharmaceutical cold chain monitoring.
IIR working group releases position paper on contraindications to Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC)
A panel of 28 European experts were consulted to generate an international consensus on the updated contraindications to WBC with controlled feedback from the IIR Working Group on Whole-Body Cryostimulation as a...
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration chooses CO2 to cool down a beer warehouse
Star Refrigeration, collective member of the IIR, recently published a case study about a CO2 solution used to cool down a beer warehouse.
Briefs: Swiss supermarket chain COOP chooses CO2
COOP has implemented CO2 as refrigerant of choice for low-and medium-temperature applications and aims at becoming CO2 neutral by 2023. The first supermarket has been equipped with a CO2 booster system engineered by Frigo-Consulting AG. A central...
Is an ‘isochoric freezing’ revolution really in the offing?
Comparing isochoric freezing to classical isobaric freezing and new terminology proposal based on the conclusions of a group of IIR experts.
Volkswagen chooses CO2 as future refrigerant for air conditioning systems
Following up on the announcement of its environmental goals, the Volkswagen Group chooses CO2 as the future refrigerant for its air conditioning systems.
Isochoric freezing could cut down energy use in the global food cold chain
Compared to conventional isobaric freezing, isochoric freezing could significantly improve the quality of frozen food and generate substantial energy savings.
Brief: Transit warehouse dedicated to pharmaceutical products
DHL Danzas Air & Ocean has created one of the first air transit warehouses under customs with controlled temperature solely dedicated to pharmaceutical products. This 1000 m2 warehouse is intended for pharmaceutical and derived products with...
Logistic innovation: transit warehouse dedicated to pharmaceutical products
Solar cooling: overview of the most promising alternatives
A paper by C. Infante-Ferreira and D.S. Kim, published in the March 2014 special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration, gives an overview of the most promising alternatives and ranks options according to required investment for...
Which refrigerants will dominate the European market by 2030?
A recent article published in the IJR presents the results of a methodology to estimate the evolution of the refrigerant demand by the refrigeration sector in the EU over the period to 2030.
An overview of the current status of the cold chain in China
A recent review article in the IJR presents the current situation of the various steps of the food cold chain in China, from post-harvest to storage by the final consumer: food losses, refrigerating equipment, refrigerants, policies and regulations.
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)
Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.
IIR news
277 results
Find out who are the top 10 most active countries on the IIR website!
Since its overhaul in 2020, traffic to the IIR website has doubled and it has seen a drastic increase in the number of visitors from least developed countries. Find out who have been the top 10 most active...
New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation
During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.
New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation
Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...
New IIR Informatory Note: “Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation”
Learn about the latest advances and the challenges related to these rapidly developing techniques.
Press release: IIR launches new Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation”
During the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.
IIR Working Group on whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation
A presentation of this IIR Working Group took place during the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) Orientation Committee in January.
IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events
IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.
IIR Congress 2023: Which workshop will you attend?
Did you know that there are 21 specialist workshops scheduled to take place at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration? Discover them here and book your seat today!
Refrigeration and the IIR in the spotlight at COP 28
The Conference of the Parties on Climate Change took place in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) from 30 November to 13 December 2023. For the first time, refrigeration was given special attention. The IIR shared a...
A roundup of the top IIR headlines in 2016
Check out the major events that took the spotlight at the International Institute of Refrigeration during 2016.
COP 28: the annual conference on climate change puts refrigeration in the spotlight!
Refrigeration will be one of the priorities at the next United Nations Conference of the Parties on climate change. It will be held in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023.
World Cold Chain Symposium 2025 highlights institutional collaboration and investment innovation
Nairobi, Kenya - 1 November 2025. The World Cold Chain Symposium (WCCS) convened global experts, industry leaders, and policymakers at the UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, ahead of the 37th Meeting of the Parties...
Learn about the contribution of ammonia pioneers at the IOR historical talk on November 3
Travel back in time and find out more about the early pioneers of ammonia refrigeration at the Institute of Refrigeration's (IOR) historical TechTalk to be held online on November 3.
HKA/OST Summer School: Looking for sponsors
Two partners of the SophiA project wil be organising an International Summer School on Sustainability at OST in Switzerland.
EU project ENOUGH offers PhD scholarship at CNR-ITC in Padova (Italy)
A PhD scholarship will be offered as part of the Horizon 2020 project ENOUGH. The European project will aim to provide technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU Farm to Fork strategy to achieve...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Events
2 results
Other event
2026 Cryogenic Microscopy & Spectroscopy Workshop
March 23, 2026 - March 26, 2026
Brno, Czech (Republic)
Fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration & innovation in cryogenics, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
Find out more
IIR event
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
